FIRST SECTION
CASE OF SOROKIN v.
RUSSIA
(Application no. 67482/10)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
10 October 2013
This judgment is final. It may be subject to editorial
revision.
In the case of Sorokin v. Russia,
The European Court of Human
Rights (First Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
Khanlar Hajiyev, President,
Erik Møse,
Dmitry Dedov, judges,
and André Wampach, Deputy Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 17 September 2013,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that
date:
PROCEDURE
The case originated in an application (no.
67482/10) against the Russian Federation lodged with the Court under Article 34
of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
(“the Convention”) by a Russian national, Mr Nikolay Nikolayevich Sorokin (“the
applicant”), on 25 April 2010.
The applicant was represented by Mr A. Polonskiy,
a lawyer practising in Volgograd. The Russian Government (“the Government”)
were represented by Mr G. Matyushkin, the Representative of the Russian
Federation at the European Court of Human Rights.
On 13 April 2012 the application was communicated
to the Government.
THE FACTS
I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE
The applicant was born in 1971 and lived in Volgograd
prior to his arrest.
A. Criminal proceedings against the applicant
On 31 January 2003 the applicant was arrested and
charged with theft and the use of forged identity documents. Two days later he
was remanded in custody.
On 6 April 2004 the Dzerzhinskiy District Court
of Volgograd found him guilty as charged and sentenced him to three years and
six months’ imprisonment. On 27 July 2004 the Volgograd Regional Court upheld
the judgment on appeal.
In the meantime, criminal proceedings against the
applicant and five other individuals were instituted on the charges of
participation in a criminal syndicate, several counts of aggravated robbery,
inflicting serious injuries and two counts of murder. On 12 April 2004 the case
went to trial.
On 26 June 2009 the Volgograd Regional Court
found the defendants guilty, on the basis of a jury verdict. The applicant was
sentenced to eighteen years’ imprisonment in a high-security institution. On 18
March 2010 the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation upheld the conviction on
appeal.
B. Condition of the applicant’s detention in prison
IZ-34/1
Between 2 February 2003 and 25 April 2010 the
applicant was held in remand prison IZ-34/1 in the Volgograd Region. From 30
November to 26 December 2006 and from 16 March to 23 April 2009 the
applicant was transferred to a penitentiary medical facility in the Volgograd
Region where he received treatment for tuberculosis.
The prison was severely overcrowded. Thus, cell
41 measuring 20 sq. m was equipped with 16 sleeping places and
accommodated up to 30 inmates; cell 64 measuring 10 sq. m was designed for
6 and housed up to 16 individuals; furthermore, cell 70 measuring 16 sq. m
presented 6 places and up to 15 detainees who occupied them.
In addition, the applicant complained about the
following aspects of the detention: detainees had to use a hole in the floor as
a toilet; cells were equipped with lavatory pans for the first time in 2008.
Until 2010, there had been no partitions between toilets and the living space.
Hot water was not available.
C. Civil claim for compensation
The applicant brought an action before the
Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for compensation for a breach of his
right to a trial within a reasonable time. He relied on the new Compensation
Act (see below).
By decision of 29 September 2010, the Supreme
Court instructed the applicant to supply additional information and documents
by 22 October 2010. On 27 October 2010 the Supreme Court disallowed the
applicant’s action because the information had not been received.
The applicant challenged the decision of 27
October 2010 on appeal. He submitted that the requested information and
documents had been sent to the Supreme Court on 19 October 2010.
On 28 December 2010 the Appeals Panel of the
Supreme Court rejected the appeal, finding that the applicant’s submission had
been belated because they had only reached the court on 29 October 2010.
II. RELEVANT DOMESTIC LAW
On 30 April 2010 the Russian Parliament adopted
a Federal Law, no. 68-FZ, “On Compensation for Violation of the Right to a
Trial within a Reasonable Time or the Right to Enforcement of a Judgment within
a Reasonable Time” (“the Compensation Act”). On the same date the Parliament
adopted a Federal Law, no. 69-FZ, introducing a number of corresponding changes
to the relevant federal laws. Both laws entered into force on 4 May 2010.
The Compensation Act entitles a party concerned
to bring an action for compensation of the violation of his or her right to a
trial within a reasonable time (Section 1 § 1).
All individuals who have complained to the
European Court of Human Rights about a violation of their right to a trial
within a reasonable time may claim compensation in domestic courts under the
Compensation Act within six months of its entry into force, provided that the
European Court has not ruled on the admissibility of the complaint (Section 6 §
2).
THE LAW
I. THE GOVERNMENT’S REQUEST
FOR THE APPLICATION TO BE STRUCK OUT UNDER ARTICLE 37 OF THE CONVENTION
. On
5 December 2012 the Government submitted a unilateral declaration inviting the
Court to strike out the application. They acknowledged that between 23 April
2009 and 25 April 2010 the applicant had been detained in conditions which did
not comply with the requirements of Article 3 of the Convention and offered to
pay a sum of money.
. By
letter of 7 February 2013, the applicant formulated his objections to the
Government’s proposal. He submitted, in particular, that the period of his
detention should be taken into account in its entirety, from 31 January 2003 to
25 April 2010.
. Having
studied the terms of the Government’s unilateral declaration, the Court
observes that the Government’s acknowledgement of a violation only covered the
most recent period of the applicant’s detention following his return from the
hospital and that the amount of redress was calculated accordingly. Without prejudging its decision on the admissibility and merits
of the case, the Court considers, in the particular circumstances of the
applicant’s case, that it does not provide a sufficient basis for concluding
that respect for human rights as defined in the Convention and its Protocols
does not require it to continue its examination of the case (see, mutatis
mutandis, Rantsev v. Cyprus and Russia, no. 25965/04, §§ 194-202, ECHR
2010 (extracts)).
. This
being so, the Court rejects the Government’s request to strike the application
out of its list of cases under Article 37 of the Convention and will
accordingly pursue its examination of the admissibility and merits of the case.
II. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 OF THE
CONVENTION
The applicant complained that the conditions of
his detention in prison IZ-34/1 had violated Article 3 of the Convention, which
reads as follows:
“No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment.”
A. Admissibility
The Government submitted that the applicant’s
detention in prison IZ-34/1 could not be regarded as a “continuous situation”
given that he had been twice transferred to a medical facility. Accordingly,
they considered that the Court was competent, by virtue of the six-month rule,
to take into account only the period of the applicant’s detention from 23 April
2009 to 25 April 2010. The Government referred to the judgment in the case of Mitrokhin
v. Russia (no. 35648/04, 24 January
2012).
. The applicant accepted that he was
temporarily taken out of the remand prison to the medical facility. There he
received treatment for tuberculosis that he had contracted in the remand
prison. The material conditions of detention in the medical facility were
substantially similar to those in the remand prison. Moreover, throughout the
period from 31 January 2003 to 18 March 2010 his procedural status had not
varied, he had continuously been a defendant remanded in custody. In the
applicant’s view, these elements distinguished his case from the case of Mitrokhin,
in which the applicant had been transferred to a correctional colony to serve a
prison sentence.
. The Court reiterates that a period
of an applicant’s detention should be regarded as a “continuing situation” as
long as the detention has been effected in the same type of detention facility
in substantially similar conditions. Short periods of absence during which the
applicant was taken out of the facility for interviews or other procedural acts
would have no incidence on the continuous nature of the detention. However, the
applicant’s release or transfer to a different type of detention regime, both
within and outside the facility, would put an end to the “continuing
situation”. The complaint about the conditions of detention must be filed
within six months from the end of the situation complained about or, if there
was an effective domestic remedy to be exhausted, of the final decision in the
process of exhaustion (see Ananyev and Others v. Russia, nos.
42525/07 and 60800/08, § 78, 10 January
2012).
. In the instant case the applicant’s
stay in the remand prison was punctuated by his transfers to a medical facility
in which he spent slightly less than one month in 2006 and slightly more than
one month in 2009. The Court has previously examined the situation of the
applicants who had been transferred from the remand prison to the correctional
colony to serve their sentence and who had later returned to the same prison in
connection with proceedings in a different criminal case. Their departure to
the colony being definitive at the material time and their subsequent return to
the same prison being a mere happenstance, the Court reached the conclusion
that their transfer marked the end of the situation complained about and that
the six-month period should run from the day they left the prison (see Mitrokhin,
cited above, § 36, and Yartsev v. Russia (dec.), no. 13776/11, § 30, 26 March 2013). By contrast, the applicant’s transfer to a medical facility
was obviously of a temporary nature. Upon completion of the treatment, he was
to return to the prison in which he was remanded in custody. The Court
accordingly finds that two short periods of his absence from the prison had no
incidence on the continuous nature of his detention. It rejects therefore the
Government’s argument relating to the application for the six-month rule to the
earlier period of the applicant’s detention.
The Court notes that this complaint is not
manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the
Convention. It further notes that it is not inadmissible on any other grounds.
It must therefore be declared admissible.
B. Merits
. The Government acknowledged that the
applicant’s conditions of detention from 23 April 2009 to 25 April 2010 did not
comply with the requirements of Article 3 of the Convention.
. The applicant took note of their
admission.
The Court reiterates that in two applications
brought by the applicant’s co-defendants, it has already found a violation of
Article 3 of the Convention on account of an acute lack of personal space in
the cells of prison IZ-34/1 during the same period of time (see Ananyin v.
Russia, no. 13659/06, §§ 65-70, 30
July 2009, and Lyubimenko v. Russia, no. 6270/06, §§ 54-59, 19 March 2009).
Having regard to the applicant’s factual
submissions undisputed by the Government, the Government’s acknowledgement
relating to the most recent period of the applicant’s detention and the findings
in the above-mentioned cases, the Court considers that the conditions of the
applicant’s detention in remand prison IZ-34/1 amounted to inhuman and
degrading treatment.
There has accordingly been a violation of
Article 3 of the Convention on account of the conditions of the applicant’s
detention from 31 January 2003 to 25
April 2010.
III. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 OF THE
CONVENTION
The applicant complained that the length of
criminal proceedings against him had been excessive which amounted to a
violation of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention.
The Court observes that the applicant’s
conviction became final on 18 March 2010. Accordingly, the applicant was entitled
to bring proceedings for compensation on the basis on the new Compensation Act.
The Court has already found that the Compensation Act was designed, in
principle, to address the issue of excessive length of domestic proceedings in
an effective and meaningful manner, taking account of the Convention
requirements (see Fakhretdinov and Others v. Russia (dec.), nos.
26716/09, 67576/09 and 7698/10, § 27, 23 September 2010).
It is further observed that the applicant
attempted to institute proceedings for compensation under the Compensation Act.
However, he did not comply with the formal requirements on lodging such a
claim. When instructed to remedy the formal defects, he did so in a belated
fashion and his claim was disallowed.
It follows that this complaint must be rejected
under Article 35 §§ 1 and 4 of the Convention for non-exhaustion
of domestic remedies.
IV. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
Article 41 of the
Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there
has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the
internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial
reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction
to the injured party.”
A. Damage
The applicant claimed 100,000 euros (EUR) in
respect of non-pecuniary damage.
The Government did not submit comments on the
applicant’s claim.
The Court considers the applicant’s claim
excessive. Having regard to its case-law in similar cases, it awards the
applicant EUR 23,250 in respect of non-pecuniary damage, plus any tax that
may be chargeable, and rejects the remainder of his claim.
B. Costs and expenses
The applicant did not claim any costs or
expenses. Accordingly, there is no call to make an award under this head.
C. Default interest
The Court considers it appropriate that the
default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the
European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT UNANIMOUSLY
1. Declares the complaint concerning the
conditions of the applicant’s detention admissible and the remainder of the
application inadmissible;
2. Holds that
there has been a violation of Article 3 of the Convention;
3. Holds
(a) that the respondent
State is to pay the applicant, within three months EUR 23,250 (twenty-three
thousand two hundred and fifty euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, in
respect of non-pecuniary damage, to be converted into Russian roubles at
the rate applicable at the date of settlement;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned
three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above
amount at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central
Bank during the default period plus three percentage points;
4. Dismisses the
remainder of the applicant’s claim for just satisfaction.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 10 October 2013,
pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
André Wampach Khanlar
Hajiyev
Deputy Registrar President
