N.I.

PART IN.I.INTRODUCTORY

Title and commencementN.I.

1.-(1) This Order may be cited as the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Northern Ireland) Order 1995.

(2) This Order shall come into operation on such day or days as the Department may by order appointF2.

InterpretationN.I.

2.-(1) The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland) 1954F3 shall apply to Article 1 and the following provisions of this Order as it applies to a Measure of the Northern Ireland Assembly.

(2) In this Order-

"act" and "action" each includes omission and references to doing an act or taking action shall be construed accordingly;

"the Agency" means the Labour Relations Agency;

"the appointed day", in any provision, means the day appointed under Article l(2) for the coming into operation of that provision;

"branch" or "section", in relation to a trade union or employers' association, includes a branch or section which is itself a trade union or employers' association;

[F4"certificate of independence" means a certificate issued under-

(a)Article 6 of the 1992 Order,

(b)Article 82A(4), or

(c)section 6(6) or 101A(4) of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992;]

"the Certification Officer" means the Certification Officer for Northern Ireland;

"conduct" includes statements and acts;

"contract of employment" means a contract of service or of apprenticeship;

"contravention", in relation to any order of a court or other requirement, includes a failure to comply;

"the Department" means the Department of Economic Development;

"the duty of confidentiality" has the meaning assigned to it by Article 4(3);

"employee" means an individual who has entered into or works under (or, where the employment has ceased, worked under) a contract of employment;

"employer"

(a)in relation to an employee, means the person by whom the employee is (or, where the employment has ceased, was) employed;

(b)in relation to a worker, means a person for whom one or more workers work, or have worked or normally work or seek to work;

"employers' association" has the meaning assigned to it by Article 4(1) and (2) of the 1992 Order;

"executive", in relation to a trade union or employers' association, means the principal committee of the union or association exercising executive functions, by whatever name it is known;

"general secretary", in relation to a trade union or employers' association, means the official of the union or association who holds the office of general secretary or, where there is no such office, who holds an office which is equivalent, or the nearest equivalent, to that of general secretary;

"government department" means a Northern Ireland department or a department of the Government of the United Kingdom;

"Great Britain union" means a trade union whose head or main office is situated in England, Wales or Scotland;

"independent trade union" has the meaning assigned to it by Article 2(2) of the 1992 Order;

"officer", in relation to a trade union or an employers' association, includes any member of the governing body of that union or association and any trustee of any fund applicable for the purposes of that union or association;

"official", in relation to a trade union, means-

(a)an officer of the union or of a branch or section of the union, or

(b)a person elected or appointed in accordance with the rules of the union to be a representative of its members or of some of them,

and includes a person so elected or appointed who is an employee of the same employer as the members or one or more of the members whom he is to represent;

Definition rep. by SI 2001/1149

"president", in relation to a trade union or employers' association, means the official of the union or association who holds the office of president or, where there is no such office, who holds an office which is equivalent, or the nearest equivalent, to that of president;

"regulations" means regulations made by the Department;

"statutory provision" has the meaning assigned to it by section 1(f) of the Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland) 1954F5;

"rules", in relation to a trade union or employers' association, includes the rules of any branch or section;

"trade union" has the meaning assigned to it by Article 3(1) of the 1992 Order;

"worker" means an individual who works, or normally works or seeks to work-

(a)under a contract of employment, or

(b)under any other contract whereby he undertakes to do or perform personally any work or services for another party to the contract who is not a professional client of his, or

(c)in employment under or for the purposes of a government department (otherwise than as a member of the naval, military or air forces of the Crown) in so far as such employment does not fall within sub-paragraph (a) or (b);

[F6"the Employment Rights Order" means the Employment Rights (Northern Ireland) Order 1996;]

"the 1992 Order" means the Industrial Relations (Northern Ireland) Order 1992F7;

"the Great Britain Act" means the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992F8;

Definition rep. by 1996 NI 16

PART IIN.I.TRADE UNION ADMINISTRATION

Register of members' names and addressesN.I.

Duty to maintain register of members' names and addressesN.I.

3.-(1) A trade union shall compile and maintain a register of the names and addresses of its members, and shall secure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the entries in the register are accurate and are kept up-to-date.

(2) The register may be kept by means of a computer.

(3) A trade union shall-

(a)allow any member, upon reasonable notice, to ascertain from the register, free of charge and at any reasonable time, whether there is an entry on it relating to him; and

(b)if requested to do so by any member, supply him as soon as reasonably practicable, either free of charge or on payment of a reasonable fee, with a copy of any entry on the register relating to him.

(4) Any duty falling upon a branch or section under this Article by reason of its being a trade union shall be treated as having been discharged to the extent to which the union of which it is a branch or section has discharged the duty instead.

(5) For the purposes of this Article a member's address means either his home address or another address which he has requested the union in writing to treat as his postal address.

(6) The remedy for failure to comply with the requirements of this Article is by way of application under Article 5 (to the Certification Officer) or Article 6 (to the High Court).

(7) Subject to paragraph (8), this Article and Articles 4 to 6 apply to every trade union which has its head or main office in Northern Ireland.

(8) This Article and Articles 4 to 6 do not apply to a trade union-

(a)which falls within Article 3(1)(b) of the 1992 Order (unions consisting wholly or mainly of, or of representatives of, constituent or affiliated organisations), if it has no individual members other than representatives of constituent or affiliated organisations; or

(b)until more than one year has elapsed since its formation (by amalgamation or otherwise).

For this purpose the date of formation of a trade union formed otherwise than by amalgamation shall be taken to be the date on which the first members of the executive of the union are first appointed or elected.

Securing confidentiality of register during ballotsN.I.

4.-(1) This Article applies in relation to a ballot of the members of a trade union on-

(a)an election under Part III for a position to which that Part applies,

(b)a political resolution under Part V, and

(c)a resolution to approve an instrument of amalgamation or transfer under Part VI.

(2) Where this Article applies in relation to a ballot the trade union shall impose the duty of confidentiality in relation to the register of members' names and addresses on the scrutineer appointed by the union for the purposes of the ballot and on any person appointed by the union as the independent person for the purposes of the ballot.

(3) The duty of confidentiality in relation to the register of members' names and addresses is, when imposed on a scrutineer or on an independent person, a duty-

(a)not to disclose any name or address in the register except in permitted circumstances; and

(b)to take all reasonable steps to secure that there is no disclosure of any such name or address by any other person except in permitted circumstances;

and any reference in this Order to "the duty of confidentiality" is a reference to the duty prescribed in this paragraph.

(4) The circumstances in which disclosure of a member's name and address is permitted are-

(a)where the member consents;

(b)where it is requested by the Certification Officer for the purposes of the discharge of any of his functions or it is required for the purposes of the discharge of any of the functions of an inspector appointed by him;

(c)where it is required for the purposes of the discharge of any of the functions of the scrutineer or independent person, as the case may be, under the terms of his appointment;

(d)where it is required for the purposes of the investigation of crime or of criminal proceedings.

(5) Any provision of this Order which incorporates the duty of confidentiality as respects the register into the appointment of a scrutineer or an independent person has the effect of imposing that duty on the scrutineer or independent person as a duty owed by him to the trade union.

(6) The remedy for failure to comply with the requirements of this Article is by way of application under Article 5 (to the Certification Officer) or Article 6 (to the High Court).

Remedy for failure: application to Certification OfficerN.I.

5.-(1) A member of a trade union who claims that the union has failed to comply with any of the requirements of Article 3 or 4 (duties with respect to register of members' names and addresses) may apply to the Certification Officer for a declaration to that effect.

(2) On an application being made to him, the Certification Officer shall-

(a)make such enquiries as he thinks fit, and

(b) give the applicant and the trade union an opportunity to be heard,

and may make or refuse the declaration asked for.

(3) If he makes a declaration he shall specify in it the provisions with which the trade union has failed to comply.

(4) Where he makes a declaration and is satisfied that steps have been taken by the union with a view to remedying the declared failure, or securing that a failure of the same or any similar kind does not occur in future, or that the union has agreed to take such steps, he shall specify those steps in the declaration.

(5) Whether he makes or refuses a declaration, he shall give reasons for his decision in writing; and the reasons may be accompanied by written observations on any matter arising from, or connected with, the proceedings.

Where the Certification Officer makes a declaration he shall also, unless he considers that to do so would be inappropriate, make an enforcement order, that is, an order imposing on the union one or both of the following requirements-

(a)to take such steps to remedy the declared failure, within such period, as may be specified in the order;

(b)to abstain from such acts as may be so specified with a view to securing that a failure of the same or a similar kind does not occur in future.

Where an enforcement order has been made, any person who is a member of the union and was a member at the time it was made is entitled to enforce obedience to the order as if he had made the application on which the order was made.]

In exercising his functions under this Article the Certification Officer shall ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, an application made to him is determined within six months of being made.

(7) Where he requests a person to furnish information to him in connection with enquiries made by him under this Article, he shall specify the date by which that information is to be furnished and, unless he considers that it would be inappropriate to do so, shall proceed with his determination of the application notwithstanding that the information has not been furnished to him by the specified date.

(8) The Certification Officer shall not entertain an application for a declaration as respects an alleged failure to comply with the requirements of Article 4 in relation to a ballot to which that Article applies unless the application is made before the end of the period of one year beginning with the last day on which votes could be cast in the ballot.

A declaration made by the Certification Officer under this Article may be relied on as if it were a declaration made by the High Court.

An enforcement order made by the Certification Officer under this Article may be enforced in the same way as an order of the High Court.

The following provisions have effect if a person applies under Article 6 in relation to an alleged failure-

(a)that person may not apply under this Article in relation to that failure;

(b)on an application by a different person under this Article in relation to that failure, the Certification Officer shall have due regard to any declaration, order, observations or reasons made or given by the High Court regarding that failure and brought to the Certification Officer's notice.]

Remedy for failure: application to High CourtN.I.

6.-(1) A member of a trade union who claims that the union has failed to comply with any of the requirements of Article 3 or 4 (duties with respect to register of members' names and addresses) may apply to the High Court for a declaration to that effect.

Para.(2) rep. by 1999 NI 9

(3) If the High Court makes a declaration it shall specify in it the provisions with which the trade union has failed to comply.

(4) Where the High Court makes a declaration it shall also, unless it considers that to do so would be inappropriate, make an enforcement order, that is, an order imposing on the union one or both of the following requirements-

(a)to take such steps to remedy the declared failure, within such period, as may be specified in the order;

(b)to abstain from such acts as may be so specified with a view to securing that a failure of the same or a similar kind does not occur in future.

(5) Where an enforcement order has been made, any person who is a member of the union and was a member at the time it was made is entitled to enforce obedience to the order as if he had made the application on which the order was made.

(6) Without prejudice to any other power of the High Court, the court may on an application under this Article grant such interlocutory relief as it considers appropriate.

(7) The High Court shall not entertain an application for a declaration as respects an alleged failure to comply with the requirements of Article 4 in relation to a ballot to which that Article applies unless the application is made before the end of the period of one year beginning with the last day on which votes could be cast in the ballot.

The following provisions have effect if a person applies under Article 5 in relation to an alleged failure-

(a)that person may not apply under this Article in relation to that failure;

(b)on an application by a different person under this Article in relation to that failure, the High Court shall have due regard to any declaration, order, observations or reasons made or given by the Certification Officer regarding that failure and brought to the court's notice.]

Financial affairs of unions, etc.N.I.

Annual return to include additional informationN.I.

7. In Part I of Schedule 1 to the 1992 Order (annual returns, etc.) after paragraph 4 there shall be inserted-

Statement to members following annual returnN.I.

8. After Article 11 of the 1992 Order there shall be inserted-

Investigation of financial affairsN.I.

9. After Article 12 of the 1992 Order there shall be inserted-

OffencesN.I.

10.-(1) In Article 13 of the 1992 Order (offences) in paragraphs (1) and (4) for "Article 10 or 11 or 12" there shall be substituted "Articles 10 to 12".

(2) For paragraph (5) of that Article there shall be substituted-

(3) After Article 13 of the 1992 Order there shall be inserted-

Disqualification of offendersN.I.

11. After Article 13A of the 1992 Order (which is inserted by Article 10) there shall be inserted-

PART IIIN.I.ELECTIONS FOR CERTAIN POSITIONS

Duty to hold electionsN.I.

Duty to hold elections for certain positionsN.I.

12.-(1) A trade union shall secure-

(a)that every person who holds a position in the union to which this Part applies does so by virtue of having been elected to it at an election satisfying the requirements of this Part, and

(b)that no person continues to hold such a position for more than five years without being re-elected at such an election.

(2) The positions to which this Part applies (subject as mentioned below) are-

(a)member of the executive,

(b)any position by virtue of which a person is a member of the executive,

(c)president, and

(d)general secretary;

(3) In this Part "member of the executive" includes any person who, under the rules or practice of the union, may attend and speak at some or all of the meetings of the executive, otherwise than for the purpose of providing the committee with factual information or with technical or professional advice with respect to matters taken into account by the executive in carrying out its functions.

(4) This Part does not apply to the position of president or general secretary if the holder of that position-

(a)is not, in respect of that position, either a voting member of the executive or an employee of the union,

(b)holds that position for a period which under the rules of the union cannot end more than 13 months after he took it up, and

(c)has not held either position at any time in the period of 12 months ending with the day before he took up that position.

This Part also does not apply to the position of president if-

(a)the holder of that position was elected or appointed to it in accordance with the rules of the union,

(b)at the time of his election or appointment as president he held a position mentioned in sub-paragraph (a), (b) or (d) of paragraph (2) by virtue of having been elected to it at a qualifying election,

(c)it is no more than five years since-

(i)he was elected, or re-elected, to the position mentioned in sub-paragraph (b) which he held at the time of his election or appointment as president, or

(ii)he was elected to another position of a kind mentioned in that sub-paragraph at a qualifying election held after his election or appointment as president of the union, and

(d)he has, at all times since his election or appointment as president, held a position mentioned in sub-paragraph (a), (b) or (d) of paragraph (2) by virtue of having been elected to it at a qualifying election.]

[F11In paragraph (4)] A "voting member of the executive" means a person entitled in his own right to attend meetings of the executive and to vote on matters on which votes are taken by the executive (whether or not he is entitled to attend all such meetings or to vote on all such matters or in all circumstances).

In paragraph (4A) "qualifying election" means an election satisfying the requirements of this Part.

The "requirements of this Part" referred to in paragraphs (1) and (5A) are those set out in Articles 13 to 19.]

The provisions of this Part apply notwithstanding anything in the rules or practice of the union; and the terms and conditions on which a person is employed by the union shall be disregarded in so far as they would prevent the union from complying with the provisions of this Part.

(7) This Part applies only to a trade union which has its head or main office in Northern Ireland.

Requirements to be satisfied with respect to electionsN.I.

CandidatesN.I.

13.-(1) No member of the trade union shall be unreasonably excluded from standing as a candidate.

(2) No candidate shall be required, directly or indirectly, to be a member of a political party.

(3) A member of a trade union shall not be taken to be unreasonably excluded from standing as a candidate if he is excluded on the ground that he belongs to a class of which all the members are excluded by the rules of the union.

But a rule which provides for such a class to be determined by reference to whom the union chooses to exclude shall be disregarded.

Election addressesN.I.

14.-(1) The trade union shall-

(a)provide every candidate with an opportunity of preparing an election address in his own words and of submitting it to the union to be distributed to the persons accorded entitlement to vote in the election; and

(b)secure that, so far as reasonably practicable, copies of every election address submitted to it in time are distributed to each of those persons by post along with the voting papers for the election.

(2) The trade union may determine the time by which an election address must be submitted to it for distribution; but the time so determined must not be earlier than the latest time at which a person may become a candidate in the election.

(3) The trade union may provide that election addresses submitted to it for distribution-

(a)must not exceed such length, not being less than one hundred words, as may be determined by the union, and

(b)may, as regards photographs and other matter not in words, incorporate only such matter as the union may determine.

(4) The trade union shall secure that no modification of an election address submitted to it is made by any person in any copy of the address to be distributed except-

(a)at the request or with the consent of the candidate, or

(b)where the modification is necessarily incidental to the method adopted for producing that copy.

(5) The trade union shall secure that the same method of producing copies is applied in the same way to every election address submitted and, so far as reasonably practicable, that no such facility or information as would enable a candidate to gain any benefit from-

(a)the method by which copies of the election addresses are produced, or

(b)the modifications which are necessarily incidental to that method,

is provided to any candidate without being provided equally to all the others.

(6) The trade union shall, so far as reasonably practicable, secure that the same facilities and restrictions with respect to the preparation, submission, length or modification of an election address, and with respect to the incorporation of photographs or other matter not in words, are provided or applied equally to each of the candidates.

(7) The arrangements made by the trade union for the production of the copies to be so distributed must be such as to secure that none of the candidates is required to bear any of the expense of producing the copies.

(8) No one other than the candidate himself shall incur any civil or criminal liability in respect of the publication of a candidate's election address or of any copy required to be made for the purposes of this Article.

Appointment of independent scrutineerN.I.

15.-(1) The trade union shall, before the election is held, appoint a qualified independent person ( "the scrutineer") to carry out-

(a)the functions in relation to the election which are required under this Article to be contained in his appointment; and

(b)such additional functions in relation to the election as may be specified in his appointment.

(2) A person is a qualified independent person in relation to an election if-

(a)he satisfies such conditions as may be specified for the purposes of this Article by order of the Department or is himself so specified; and

(b)the trade union has no grounds for believing either that he will carry out any functions conferred on him in relation to the election otherwise than competently or that his independence in relation to the union, or in relation to the election, might reasonably be called into question.

(3) The scrutineer's appointment shall require him-

(a)to be the person who supervises the production of the voting papers and (unless he is appointed under Article 18 to undertake the distribution of the voting papers) their distribution and to whom the voting papers are returned by those voting;

(b)to-

(i)inspect the register of names and addresses of the members of the trade union, or

(ii)examine the copy of the register as at the relevant date which is supplied to him in accordance with paragraph (9)(a),

whenever it appears to him appropriate to do so and, in particular, when the conditions specified in paragraph (4) are satisfied;

(c)to take such steps as appear to him to be appropriate for the purpose of enabling him to make his report (see Article 19);

(d)to make his report to the trade union as soon as reasonably practicable after the last date for the return of voting papers; and

(e)to retain custody of all voting papers returned for the purposes of the election and the copy of the register supplied to him in accordance with paragraph (9)(a)-

(i)until the end of the period of one year beginning with the announcement by the union of the result of the election; and

(ii)if within that period an application is made under Article 21 (complaint of failure to comply with election requirements), until the Certification Officer or the High Court authorises him to dispose of the papers or copy.

(4) The conditions referred to in paragraph (3)(b) are-

(a)that a request that the scrutineer inspect the register or examine the copy is made to him during the appropriate period by a member of the trade union or candidate who suspects that the register is not, or at the relevant date was not, accurate and up-to-date, and

(b)that the scrutineer does not consider that the suspicion of the member or candidate is ill-founded.

(5) In paragraph (4) "the appropriate period" means the period-

(a)beginning with the first day on which a person may become a candidate in the election or, if later, the day on which the scrutineer is appointed, and

(b)ending with the day before the day on which the scrutineer makes his report to the trade union.

(6) The duty of confidentiality as respects the register is incorporated in the scrutineer's appointment.

(7) The trade union shall ensure that nothing in the terms of the scrutineer's appointment (including any additional functions specified in the appointment) is such as to make it reasonable for any person to call the scrutineer's independence in relation to the union into question.

(8) The trade union shall, before the scrutineer begins to carry out his functions, either-

(a)send a notice stating the name of the scrutineer to every member of the union to whom it is reasonably practicable to send such a notice, or

(b)take all such other steps for notifying members of the name of the scrutineer as it is the practice of the union to take when matters of general interest to all its members need to be brought to their attention.

(9) The trade union shall-

(a)supply to the scrutineer as soon as is reasonably practicable after the relevant date a copy of the register of names and addresses of its members as at that date, and

(b)comply with any request made by the scrutineer to inspect the register.

(10) Where the register is kept by means of a computer the duty imposed on the trade union by paragraph (9)(a) is either to supply a legible printed copy or (if the scrutineer prefers) to supply a copy of the computer data and allow the scrutineer use of the computer to read it at any time during the period when he is required to retain custody of the copy.

(11) The trade union shall ensure that the scrutineer duly carries out his functions and that there is no interference with his carrying out of those functions which would make it reasonable for any person to call the scrutineer's independence in relation to the union into question.

(12) The trade union shall comply with all reasonable requests made by the scrutineer for the purposes of, or in connection with, the carrying out of his functions.

(13) In this Article "the relevant date" means-

(a)where the trade union has rules determining who is entitled to vote in the election by reference to membership on a particular date, that date, and

(b)otherwise, the date, or the last date, on which voting papers are distributed for the purposes of the election.

Entitlement to voteN.I.

16.-(1) Subject to the provisions of this Article, entitlement to vote shall be accorded equally to all members of the trade union.

(2) The rules of the union may exclude entitlement to vote in the case of all members belonging to one of the following classes, or to a class falling within one of the following-

(a)members who are not in employment;

(b)members who are in arrears in respect of any subscription or contribution due to the union;

(c)members who are apprentices, trainees or students or new members of the union.

(3) The rules of the union may restrict entitlement to vote to members who fall within-

(a)a class determined by reference to a trade or occupation,

(b)a class determined by reference to a geographical area, or

(c)a class which is by virtue of the rules of the union treated as a separate section within the union,

or to members who fall within a class determined by reference to any combination of the factors mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and (c).

(4) Entitlement may not be restricted in accordance with paragraph (3) if the effect is that any member of the union is denied entitlement to vote at all elections held for the purposes of this Part otherwise than by virtue of belonging to a class excluded in accordance with paragraph (2).

VotingN.I.

17.-(1) The method of voting must be by the marking of a voting paper by the person voting.

(2) Each voting paper must-

(a)state the name of the independent scrutineer and clearly specify the address to which, and the date by which, it is to be returned,

(b)be given one of a series of consecutive whole numbers every one of which is used in giving a different number in that series to each voting paper printed or otherwise produced for the purposes of the election, and

(c)be marked with its number.

(3) Every person who is entitled to vote at the election must-

(a)be allowed to vote without interference from, or constraint imposed by, the union or any of its members, officials or employees, and

(b)so far as is reasonably practicable, be enabled to do so without incurring any direct cost to himself.

(4) So far as is reasonably practicable, every person who is entitled to vote at the election must-

(a)have sent to him by post, at his home address or another address which he has requested the trade union in writing to treat as his postal address, a voting paper which either lists the candidates at the election or is accompanied by a separate list of those candidates; and

(b)be given a convenient opportunity to vote by post;

but where, for the purpose of personal safety, a member of a trade union requests the union in writing to send a voting paper to him by some means other than by post then, in relation to that member, sub-paragraph (a) shall have effect with the substitution for the reference to post of a reference to that other means.

(5) The ballot shall be conducted so as to secure that-

(a)so far as is reasonably practicable, those voting do so in secret, and

(b)the votes given at the election are fairly and accurately counted.

For the purposes of sub-paragraph (b) an inaccuracy in counting shall be disregarded if it is accidental and on a scale which could not affect the result of the election.

(6) The ballot shall be so conducted as to secure that the result of the election is determined solely by counting the number of votes cast directly for each candidate.

(7) Nothing in paragraph (6) shall be taken to prevent the system of voting used for the election being the single transferable vote, that is, a vote capable of being given so as to indicate the voter's order of preference for the candidates and of being transferred to the next choice-

(a)when it is not required to give a prior choice the necessary quota of votes, or

(b)when, owing to the deficiency in the number of votes given for a prior choice, that choice is eliminated from the list of candidates.

Counting of votes etc. by independent personN.I.

18.-(1) The trade union shall ensure that-

(a)the storage and distribution of the voting papers for the purposes of the election, and

(b)the counting of the votes cast in the election,

are undertaken by one or more independent persons appointed by the union.

(2) A person is an independent person in relation to an election if-

(a)he is the scrutineer, or

(b)he is a person other than the scrutineer and the trade union has no grounds for believing either that he will carry out any functions conferred on him in relation to the election otherwise than competently or that his independence in relation to the union, or in relation to the election, might reasonably be called into question.

(3) An appointment under this Article shall require the person appointed to carry out his functions so as to minimise the risk of any contravention of requirements imposed by or under any statutory provision or the occurrence of any unfairness or malpractice.

(4) The duty of confidentiality as respects the register is incorporated in an appointment under this Article.

(5) Where the person appointed to undertake the counting of votes is not the scrutineer, his appointment shall require him to send the voting papers back to the scrutineer as soon as reasonably practicable after the counting has been completed.

(6) The trade union-

(a)shall ensure that nothing in the terms of an appointment under this Article is such as to make it reasonable for any person to call into question the independence of the person appointed in relation to the union,

(b)shah ensure that a person appointed under this Article duly carries out his functions and that there is no interference with his carrying out of those functions which would make it reasonable for any person to call into question the independence of the person appointed in relation to the union, and

(c)shall comply with all reasonable requests made by a person appointed under this Article for the purposes of, or in connection with, the carrying out of his functions.

Scrutineer's reportN.I.

19.-(1) The scrutineer's report on the election shall state-

(a)the number of voting papers distributed for the purposes of the election,

(b)the number of voting papers returned to the scrutineer,

(c)the number of valid votes cast in the election for each candidate,

(d)the number of spoiled or otherwise invalid voting papers returned; and

(e)the name of the person (or of each of the persons) appointed under Article 18 or, if no person was so appointed, that fact.

(2) The report shall also state whether the scrutineer is satisfied-

(a)that there are no reasonable grounds for believing that there was any contravention of a requirement imposed by or under any statutory provision in relation to the election,

(b)that the arrangements made (whether by him or any other person) with respect to the production, storage, distribution, return or other handling of the voting papers used in the election, and the arrangements for the counting of the votes, included all such security arrangements as were reasonably practicable for the purpose of minimising the risk that any unfairness or malpractice might occur, and

(c)that he has been able to carry out his functions without such interference as would make it reasonable for any person to call his independence in relation to the union into question;

and if he is not satisfied as to any of those matters, the report shall give particulars of his reasons for not being satisfied as to that matter.

(3) The report shall also state-

(a)whether the scrutineer-

(i)has inspected the register of names and addresses of the members of the trade union, or

(ii)has examined the copy of the register as at the relevant date which is supplied to him in accordance with Article 15(9)(a),

(b)if he has, whether in the case of each inspection or examination he was acting on a request by a member of the trade union or candidate or at his own instance,

(c)whether he declined to act on any such request, and

(d)whether any inspection of the register, or any examination of the copy of the register, has revealed any matter which he considers should be drawn to the attention of the trade union in order to assist it in securing that the register is accurate and up-to-date,

but shall not state the name of any member or candidate who has requested such an inspection or examination.

(4) Where one or more persons other than the scrutineer are appointed under Article 18, the statement included in the scrutineer's report in accordance with paragraph (2)(b) shall also indicate-

(a)whether he is satisfied with the performance of the person, or each of the persons, so appointed, and

(b)if he is not satisfied with the performance of the person, or any of them, particulars of his reasons for not being so satisfied.

(5) The trade union shall not publish the result of the election until it has received the scrutineer's report.

(6) The trade union shall within the period of three months after it receives the report either-

(a)send a copy of the report to every member of the union to whom it is reasonably practicable to send such a copy; or

(b)take all such other steps for notifying the contents of the report to the members of the union (whether by publishing the report or otherwise) as it is the practice of the union to take when matters of general interest to all its members need to be brought to their attention.

(7) Any such copy or notification shall be accompanied by a statement that the union will, on request, supply any member of the union with a copy of the report, either free of charge or on payment of such reasonable fee as may be specified in the notification.

(8) The trade union shah so supply any member of the union who makes such a request and pays the fee (if any) notified to him.

Uncontested electionsN.I.

20. Nothing in this Part shall be taken to require a ballot to be held at an uncontested election.

Remedy for failure to comply with requirementsN.I.

Remedy for failure to comply with requirements: generalN.I.

21.-(1) The remedy for a failure on the part of a trade union to comply with the requirements of this Part is by way of application under Article 22 (to the Certification Officer) or Article 23 (to the High Court).

(2) An application under those Articles may be made-

(a)by a person who is a member of the trade union (provided, where the election has been held, he was also a member at the time when it was held), or

(b)by a person who is or was a candidate at the election;

and the references in those Articles to a person having a sufficient interest are to such a person.

(3) [F12Where an election has been held, no application under those Articles with respect to that election] may be made after the end of the period of one year beginning with the day on which the union announced the result of the election.

Application to Certification OfficerN.I.

22.-(1) A person having a sufficient interest (see Article 21(2)) who claims that a trade union has failed to comply with any of the requirements of this Part may apply to the Certification Officer for a declaration to that effect.

(2) On an application being made to him, the Certification Officer shall-

(a)make such enquiries as he thinks fit, and

(b) give the applicant and the trade union an opportunity to be heard,

and may make or refuse the declaration asked for.

(3) If he makes a declaration he shall specify in it the provisions with which the trade union has failed to comply.

(4) Where he makes a declaration and is satisfied that steps have been taken by the union with a view to remedying the declared failure, or securing that a failure of the same or any similar kind does not occur in future, or that the union has agreed to take such steps, he shall specify those steps in the declaration.

(5) Whether he makes or refuses a declaration, he shall give reasons for his decision in writing; and the reasons may be accompanied by written observations on any matter arising from, or connected with, the proceedings.

Where the Certification Officer makes a declaration he shall also, unless he considers that to do so would be inappropriate, make an enforcement order, that is, an order imposing on the union one or more of the following requirements-

(a)to secure the holding of an election in accordance with the order;

(b)to take such other steps to remedy the declared failure as may be specified in the order;

(c)to abstain from such acts as may be so specified with a view to securing that a failure of the same or a similar kind does not occur in future.

The Certification Officer shall in an order imposing any such requirement as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) or (b) specify the period within which the union is to comply with the requirements of the order.

Where the Certification Officer makes an order requiring the union to hold a fresh election, he shall (unless he considers that it would be inappropriate to do so in the particular circumstances of the case) require the election to be conducted in accordance with the requirements of this Part and such other provisions as may be made by the order.

Where an enforcement order has been made-

(a)any person who is a member of the union and was a member at the time the order was made, or

(b)any person who is or was a candidate in the election in question,

is entitled to enforce obedience to the order as if he had made the application on which the order was made.]

.

(6) In exercising his functions under this Article the Certification Officer shall ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, an application made to him is determined within six months of being made.

(7) Where he requests a person to furnish information to him in connection with enquiries made by him under this Article, he shall specify the date by which that information is to be furnished and, unless he considers that it would be inappropriate to do so, shall proceed with his determination of the application notwithstanding that the information has not been furnished to him by the specified date.

A declaration made by the Certification Officer under this Article may be relied on as if it were a declaration made by the High Court.

An enforcement order made by the Certification Officer under this Article may be enforced in the same way as an order of the High Court.

The following provisions have effect if a person applies under Article 23 in relation to an alleged failure-

(a)that person may not apply under this Article in relation to that failure;

(b)on an application by a different person under this Article in relation to that failure, the Certification Officer shall have due regard to any declaration, order, observations or reasons made or given by the High Court regarding that failure and brought to the Certification Officer's notice.]

Application to High CourtN.I.

23.-(1) A person having a sufficient interest (see Article 21(2)) who claims that a trade union has failed to comply with any of the requirements of this Part may apply to the High Court for a declaration to that effect.

Para.(2) rep. by 1999 NI 19

(3) If the High Court makes the declaration asked for, it shall specify in the declaration the provisions with which the trade union has failed to comply.

(4) Where the High Court makes a declaration it shall also, unless it considers that to do so would be inappropriate, make an enforcement order, that is, an order imposing on the union one or more of the following requirements-

(a)to secure the holding of an election in accordance with the order;

(b)to take such other steps to remedy the declared failure as may be specified in the order;

(c)to abstain from such acts as may be so specified with a view to securing that a failure of the same or a similar kind does not occur in future.

The High Court shall in an order imposing any such requirement as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) or (b) specify the period within which the union is to comply with the requirements of the order.

(5) Where the High Court makes an order requiring the union to hold a fresh election, the court shall (unless it considers that it would be inappropriate to do so in the particular circumstances of the case) require the election to be conducted in accordance with the requirements of this Part and such other provisions as may be made by the order.

(6) Where an enforcement order has been made-

(a)any person who is a member of the union and was a member at the time the order was made, or

(b)any person who is or was a candidate in the election in question,

is entitled to enforce obedience to the order as if he had made the application on which the order was made.

(7) Without prejudice to any other power of the High Court, the court may on an application under this Article grant such interlocutory relief as it considers appropriate.

The following provisions have effect if a person applies under Article 22 in relation to an alleged failure-

(a)that person may not apply under this Article in relation to that failure;

(b)on an application by a different person under this Article in relation to that failure, the High Court shall have due regard to any declaration, order, observations or reasons made or given by the Certification Officer regarding that failure and brought to the court's notice.]

SupplementaryN.I.

Exemption of newly-formed trade unions, etc.N.I.

24.-(1) The provisions of this Part do not apply to a trade union until more than one year has elapsed since its formation (by amalgamation or otherwise).

For this purpose the date of formation of a trade union formed otherwise than by amalgamation shall be taken to be the date on which the first members of the executive of the union are first appointed or elected.

(2) Where a trade union is formed by amalgamation, the provisions of this Part do not apply in relation to a person who-

(a)by virtue of an election held a position to which this Part applies in one of the amalgamating unions immediately before the amalgamation, and

(b)becomes the holder of a position to which this Part applies in the amalgamated union in accordance with the instrument of transfer,

until after the end of the period for which he would have been entitled in accordance with this Part to continue to hold the first-mentioned position without being re-elected.

(3) Where a trade union transfers its engagements to another trade union, the provisions of this Part do not apply in relation to a person who-

(a)held a position to which this Part applies in the transferring union immediately before the transfer, and

(b)becomes the holder of a position to which this Part applies in the transferee union in accordance with the instrument of transfer,

until after the end of the period of one year beginning with the date of the transfer or, if he held the first-mentioned position by virtue of an election, any longer period for which he would have been entitled in accordance with this Part to continue to hold that position without being re-elected.

Exemption of certain persons nearing retirementN.I.

25.-(1) Article 12(1)(b) (requirement of re-election) does not apply to a person holding a position to which this Part applies if the following conditions are satisfied.

(2) The conditions are that-

(a)he holds the position by virtue of having been elected at an election in relation to which the requirements of this Part were satisfied,

(b)he is a full-time employee of the union by virtue of the position,

(c)he will reach retirement age within five years,

(d)he is entitled under the rules of the union to continue as the holder of the position until retirement age without standing for re-election,

(e)he has been a full-time employee of the union for a period (which need not be continuous) of at least ten years, and

(f)the period between the day on which the election referred to in sub-paragraph (a) took place and the day immediately preceding that on which sub-paragraph (c) is first satisfied does not exceed five years.

(3) For the purposes of this Article "retirement age", in relation to any person, means the earlier of-

(a)the age fixed by, or in accordance with, the rules of the union for him to retire from the position in question, or

(b)the age which is for the time being pensionable age[F15 within the meaning given by the rules in paragraph 1 of Schedule 2 to the Pensions (Northrn Ireland) Order 1995.]

Period for giving effect to electionN.I.

26. Where a person holds a position to which this Part applies immediately before an election at which he is not re-elected to that position, nothing in this Part shall be taken to require the union to prevent him from continuing to hold that position for such period (not exceeding six months) as may reasonably be required for effect to be given to the result of the election.

Overseas membersN.I.

27.-(1) A trade union which has overseas members may choose whether or not to accord any of those members entitlement to vote at an election for a position to which this Part applies. 46

(2) An "overseas member" means a member of the union (other than a merchant seaman or offshore worker) who is outside Northern Ireland throughout the period during which votes may be cast.

For this purpose-

"merchant seaman" means a person whose employment, or the greater part of it, is carried out on board sea-going ships; and

"offshore worker" means a person in offshore employment within the meaning of section 287 of the Great Britain Act, other than one who is in such employment in an area where the law of Great Britain applies.

(3) Where the union chooses to accord an overseas member entitlement to vote, Article 17 (requirements as to voting) applies in relation to him; but nothing in Article 13 (candidates) or Article 16 (entitlement to vote) applies in relation to an overseas member or in relation to a vote cast by such a member.

Other supplementary provisionsN.I.

28.-(1) For the purposes of this Part the date on which a contested election is held shall be taken, in the case of an election in which votes may be cast on more than one day, to the last of those days.

(2) Nothing in this Part affects the validity of anything done by a person holding a position to which this Part applies.

PART IVN.I.RIGHTS IN RELATION TO TRADE UNION MEMBERSHIP

Right to a ballot before industrial actionN.I.

Right to a ballot before industrial actionN.I.

29.-(1) A member of a trade union who claims that members of the union, including himself, are likely to be or have been induced by the union to take part or to continue to take part in industrial action which does not have the support of a ballot may apply to the High Court for an order under this Article.

In this Article "the relevant time" means the time when the application is made.

(2) For this purpose industrial action shall be regarded as having the support of a ballot only if-

(a)the union has held a ballot in respect of the action-

(i)in relation to which the requirements of Article 106 (scrutineer) so far as applicable before and during the holding of the ballot were satisfied,

(ii)in relation to which the requirements of Articles 108 to 112 were satisfied, and

(iii)in which the majority voting in the ballot answered "Yes" to the question applicable in accordance with Article 11O(3) to industrial action of the kind which the applicant has been or is likely to be induced to take part in;

(b)such of the requirements of the following Articles as have fallen to be satisfied at the relevant time have been satisfied, namely-

(i)Article 106 so far as applicable after the holding of the ballot, and

(ii)Article 114 (scrutineer's report);

[F16(bb)Article 115A does not prevent the industrial action from being regarded as having the support of the ballot; and]

(c)the requirements of Article 116 (calling of industrial action with support of ballot) are satisfied.

Any reference in this paragraph to a requirement of a provision which is disapplied or modified by Article 115 (overseas members) has effect subject to that Article.

(3) Where on an application under this Article the High Court is satisfied that the claim is well-founded, it shall make such order as it considers appropriate for requiring the union to take steps for ensuring-

(a)that there is no, or no further, inducement of members of the union to take part or to continue to take part in the industrial action to which the application relates, and

(b)that no member engages in conduct after the making of the order by virtue of having been induced before the making of the order to take part or continue to take part in the action.

(4) Without prejudice to any other power of the High Court, the court may on an application under this Article grant such interlocutory relief as it considers appropriate.

(5) For the purposes of this Article an act shall be taken to be done by a trade union if it is authorised or endorsed by the union; and the provisions of Article 21(2) to (4) of the 1992 Order apply for the purpose of determining whether an act is to be taken to be so authorised or endorsed.

Those provisions also apply in relation to proceedings for failure to comply with an order under this Article as they apply in relation to the original proceedings.

(6) In this Article-

"inducement" includes an inducement which is or would be ineffective, whether because of the member's unwillingness to be influenced by it or for any other reason; and

"industrial action" means a strike or other industrial action by persons employed under contracts of employment.

(7) Where a person holds any office or employment under the Crown on terms which do not constitute a contract of employment between that person and the Crown, those terms shall nevertheless be deemed to constitute such a contract for the purposes of this Article,

(8) References in this Article to a contract of employment include any contract under which one person personally does work or performs services for another; and related expressions shall be construed accordingly.

(9) Nothing in this Article shall be construed as requiring a trade union to hold separate ballots for the purposes of this Article and Articles 104 to 117 (requirement of ballot before action by trade union).

Right not to be denied access to the courtsN.I.

Right not to be denied access to the courtsN.I.

30.-(1) This Article applies where a matter is under the rules of a trade union required or allowed to be submitted for determination or conciliation in accordance with the rules of the union. but a provision of the rules purporting to provide for that to be a person's only remedy has no effect (or would have no effect if there were one).

(2) Notwithstanding anything in the rules of the union or in the practice of any court, if a member or former member of the union begins proceedings in a court with respect to a matter to which this Article applies, then if-

(a)he has previously made a valid application to the union for the matter to be submitted for determination or conciliation in accordance with the union's rules, and

(b)the court proceedings are begun after the end of the period of six months beginning with the day on which the union received the application,

the rules requiring or allowing the matter to be so submitted, and the fact that any relevant steps remain to be taken under the rules, shall be regarded for all purposes as irrelevant to any question whether the court proceedings should be dismissed, stayed or adjourned.

(3) An application shall be deemed to be valid for the purposes of paragraph (2)(a) unless the union informed the applicant, before the end of the period of 28 days beginning with the date on which the union received the application, of the respects in which the application contravened the requirements of the rules.

(4) If the court is satisfied that any delay in the taking of relevant steps under the rules is attributable to unreasonable conduct of the person who commenced the proceedings, it may treat the period specified in paragraph (2)(b) as extended by such further period as it considers appropriate.

(5) In this Article-

(a)references to the rules of a trade union include any arbitration or other agreement entered into in pursuance of a requirement imposed by or under the rules; and

(b)references to the relevant steps under the rules, in relation to any matter, include any steps falling to be taken in accordance with the rules for the purposes of or in connection with the determination or conciliation of the matter, or any appeal, review or reconsideration of any determination or award.

(6) This Article does not affect any statutory provision or rule of law by virtue of which a court would apart from this Article disregard any such rules of a trade union or any such fact as is mentioned in paragraph (2).

Right not to be unjustifiably disciplinedN.I.

Right not to be unjustifiably disciplinedN.I.

31.-(1) An individual who is or has been a member of a trade union has the right not to be unjustifiably disciplined by the union.

(2) For this purpose an individual is "disciplined" by a trade union if a determination is made, or purportedly made, under the rules of the union or by an official of the union or a number of persons including an official that-

(a)he should be expelled from the union or a branch or section of the union,

(b)he should pay a sum to the union, to a branch or section of the union or to any other person;

(c)sums tendered by him in respect of an obligation to pay subscriptions or other sums to the union, or to a branch or section of the union, should be treated as unpaid or paid for a different purpose,

(d)he should be deprived to any extent of, or of access to, any benefits, services or facilities which would otherwise be provided or made available to him by virtue of his membership of the union, or a branch or section of the union,

(e)another trade union, or a branch or section of it, should be encouraged or advised not to accept him as a member, or

(f)he should be subjected to some other detriment;

and whether an individual is "unjustifiably disciplined" shall be determined in accordance with Article 32.

(3) Where a determination made in infringement of an individual's right under this Article requires the payment of a sum or the performance of an obligation, no person is entitled in any proceedings to rely on that determination for the purpose of recovering the sum or enforcing the obligation.

(4) Subject to that, the remedies for infringement of the right conferred by this Article are as provided by Articles 33 and 34, and not otherwise.

(5) The right not to be unjustifiably disciplined is in addition to (and not in substitution for) any right which exists apart from this Article; and, subject to Article 33(4), nothing in this Article or Articles 32 to 34 affects any remedy for infringement of any such right.

Meaning of "unjustifiably disciplined"N.I.

32.-(1) An individual is unjustifiably disciplined by a trade union if the actual or supposed conduct which constitutes the reason, or one of the reasons, for disciplining him is-

(a)conduct to which this Article applies, or

(b)something which is believed by the union to amount to such conduct;

but subject to paragraph (6) (cases of bad faith in relation to assertion of wrongdoing).

(2) This Article applies to conduct which consists in-

(a)failing to participate in or support a strike or other industrial action (whether by members of the union or by others), orindicating opposition to or a lack of support for such action;

(b)failing to contravene, for a purpose connected with such a strike or other industrial action, a requirement imposed on him by or under a contract of employment;

(c)asserting (whether by bringing proceedings or otherwise) that the union, any official or representative of it or a trustee of its property has contravened, or is proposing to contravene, a requirement which is, or is thought to be, imposed by or under the rules of the union or any other agreement or by or under any statutory provision or any rule of law;

(d)encouraging or assisting a person-

(i)to perform an obligation imposed on him by a contract of employment, or

(ii)to make or attempt to vindicate any such assertion as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (c);

(e)contravening a requirement imposed by or in consequence of a determination which infringes the individual's or another individual's right not to be unjustifiably disciplined;

(f)failing to agree, or withdrawing agreement, to the making from his wages (in accordance with arrangements between his employer and the union) of deductions representing payments to the union in respect of his membership;

(g)resigning or proposing to resign from the union or from another union, becoming or proposing to become a member of another union, refusing to become a member of another union, or being a member of another union;

(h)working with, or proposing to work with, individuals who are not members of the union or who are or are not members of another union;

(j)working for, or proposing to work for, an employer who employs or who has employed individuals who are not members of the union or who are or are not members of another union; or

(k)requiring the union to do an act which the union is, by any provision of this Order or the 1992 Order, required to do on the requisition of a member.

(3) This Article applies to conduct which involves the Certification Officer being consulted or asked to provide advice or assistance with respect to any matter whatever, or which involves any person being consulted or asked to provide advice or assistance with respect to a matter which forms, or might form, the subject-matter of any such assertion as is mentioned in paragraph (2)(c).

(4) This Article also applies to conduct which consists in proposing to engage in, or doing anything preparatory or incidental to, conduct falling within paragraph (2) or (3).

(5) This Article does not apply to an act or statement comprised in conduct falling within paragraph (2). (3) or (4) if it is shown that the act or statement is one in respect of which individuals would be disciplined by the union irrespective of whether their acts or statements were in connection with conduct within paragraph (2) or (3).

(6) An individual is not unjustifiably disciplined if it is shown-

(a)that the reason for disciplining him, or one of them, is that he made such an assertion as is mentioned in paragraph (2)(c), or encouraged or assisted another person to make or attempt to vindicate such an assertion,

(b)that the assertion was false, and

(c)that he made the assertion, or encouraged or assisted another person to make or attempt to vindicate it, in the belief that it was false or otherwise in bad faith,

and that there was no other reason for disciplining him or that the only other reasons were reasons in respect of which he does not fall to be treated as unjustifiably disciplined.

(7) In this Article-

"contract of employment", in relation to an individual, includes any agreement between that individual and a person for whom he works or normally works,

"employer" includes such a person and related expressions shall be construed accordingly;

"representative", in relation to a union, means a person acting or purporting to act-

(a)in his capacity as a member of the union, or

(b)on the instructions or advice of a person acting or purporting to act in that capacity or in the capacity of an official of the union;

"require" (on the part of an individual) includes request or apply for, and "requisition" shall be construed accordingly;

"wages" shall be construed in accordance with the definitions of "contract of employment", "employer" and related expressions.

(8) Where a person holds any office or employment under the Crown on terms which do not constitute a contract of employment between him and the Crown, those terms shall nevertheless be deemed to constitute such a contract for the purposes of this Article.

Complaint of infringement of rightN.I.

33.-(1) An individual who claims that he has been unjustifiably disciplined by a trade union may present a complaint against the union to an industrial tribunal.

(2) The tribunal shall not entertain such a complaint unless it is presented-

(a)before the end of the period of three months beginning with the date of the making of the determination claimed to infringe the right, or

(b)where the tribunal is satisfied-

(i)that it was not reasonably practicable for the complaint to be presented before the end of that period, or

(ii)that any delay in making the complaint is wholly or partly attributable to a reasonable attempt to appeal against the determination or to have it reconsidered or reviewed,

within such further period as the tribunal considers reasonable.

(3) Where the tribunal finds the complaint well-founded, it shall make a declaration to that effect.

(4) Where a complaint relating to an expulsion which is presented under this Article is declared to be well-founded, no complaint in respect of the expulsion shall be presented or proceeded with under Article 38 (right not to be expelled from trade union).

Further remedies for infringement of rightN.I.

34.-(1) An individual whose complaint under Article 33 has been declared to be well-founded may make an application to an industrial tribunal for one or both of the following-

(a)an award of compensation to be paid to him by the union;

(b)an order that the union pay him an amount equal to any sum which he has paid in pursuance of any such determination as is mentioned in Article 31(2)(b).

(2) An application under this Article shall not be entertained if made before the end of the period of four weeks beginning with the date of the declaration or after the end of the period of six months beginning with that date.

(3) The amount of compensation awarded shall, subject to the following provisions, be such as the industrial tribunal considers just and equitable in all the circumstances.

(4) In determining the amount of compensation to be awarded, the same rule shall be applied concerning the duty of a person to mitigate his loss as applies to damages recoverable under the common law of Northern Ireland.

(5) Where the industrial tribunal finds that the infringement complained of was to any extent caused or contributed to by the action of the applicant, it shall reduce the amount of the compensation by such proportion as it considers just and equitable having regard to that finding.

(6) The amount of compensation calculated in accordance with paragraphs (3) to (5) shall not exceed the aggregate of-

(a)an amount equal to 30 times the limit for the time being imposed by[F17 Article 23(1)(a) of the Employment Rights Order] (maximum amount of a week's pay for basic award in unfair dismissal cases), and

(b)an amount equal to the limit for the time being imposed by[F17 Article 158(1)] of that Order (maximum compensatory award in such cases);

and, in a case to which paragraph (7) applies, shall not be less than the amount for the time being specified inF18 Article 40(6) of this Order.

(7) This paragraph applies to a case where when the application under this Article is made-

(a)the determination infringing the applicant's right not to be unjustifiably disciplined has not been revoked, or

(b)the union has failed to take all the steps necessary for securing the reversal of anything done for the purpose of giving effect to the determination.

[F19Right not to suffer deduction of unauthorised union subscriptionsN.I.

Right not to suffer deduction of unauthorised subscriptionsN.I.

35.-(1) Where arrangements ( "subscription deduction arrangements") exist between the employer of a worker and a trade union relating to the making from workers' wages of deductions representing payments to the union in respect of the workers' membership of the union ( "subscription deductions"), the employer shall ensure that no subscription deduction is made from wages payable to the worker on any day unless-

(a)the worker has authorised in writing the making from his wages of subscription deductions; and

(b)the worker has not withdrawn the authorisation.

A worker withdraws an authorisation given for the purposes of paragraph (1), in relation to a subscription deduction which falls to be made from wages payable to him on any day, if a written notice withdrawing the authorisation has been received by the employer in time for it to be reasonably practicable for the employer to secure that no such deduction is made.

A worker's authorisation of the making of subscription deductions from his wages shall not give rise to any obligation on the part of the employer to the worker to maintain or continue to maintain subscription deduction arrangements.

In this Article and Article 36, "employer", "wages" and "worker" have the same meanings as in the Employment Rights Order.F20]

N.I.

Complaint of infringement of rightsN.I.

36.-(1) A worker may present a complaint to an industrial tribunal that his employer has made a deduction from his wages in contravention of Article 35-

(a)within the period of three months beginning with the date of the payment of the wages from which the deduction, or (if the complaint relates to more than one deduction) the last of the deductions, was made, or

(b)where the tribunal is satisfied that it was not reasonably practicable for the complaint to be presented within that period, within such further period as the tribunal considers reasonable.

Where a tribunal finds that a complaint under this Article is well-founded, it shall make a declaration to that effect and shall order the employer to pay to the worker the whole amount of the deduction, less any such part of the amount as has already been paid to the worker by the employer.]

Where the making of a deduction from the wages of a worker both contravenes Article 35(1) and involves one or more of the contraventions specified in paragraph (4) of this Article, the aggregate amount which may be ordered by an industrial tribunal or court (whether on the same occasion or on different occasions) to be paid in respect of the contraventions shall not exceed the amount, or (where different amounts may be ordered to be paid in respect of different contraventions) the greatest amount, which may be ordered to be paid in respect of any one of them.

(4) The contraventions referred to in paragraph (3) are-

[F22(a)a contravention of the requirement not to make a deduction without having given the particulars required by Article 40 (itemised pay statements) or 41(1) (standing statements of fixed deductions of the Employment Rights Order;

(b)a contravention of Article 45 of that Order; and]

(c)a contravention of Article 60(1) or 64(1) of this Order (requirements not to make deductions of political fund contributions in certain circumstances).

Right to terminate membership of unionN.I.

Right to terminate membership of unionN.I.

37. In every contract of membership of a trade union, whether made before or after the appointed day, a term conferring a right on the member, on giving reasonable notice and complying with any reasonable conditions, to terminate his membership of the union shall be implied.

Right not to be expelled from trade unionN.I.

Right not to be expelled from unionN.I.

38.-(1) An individual shall not be expelled from a trade union unless the expulsion is permitted by this Article.

(2) The expulsion of an individual from a trade union is permitted by this Article if (and only if)-

(a)he does not satisfy, or no longer satisfies, an enforceable membership requirement contained in the rules of the union,

(b)he does not qualify, or no longer qualifies, for membership of the union by reason of the union operating only in a particular part or particular parts of Northern Ireland,

(c)in the case of a union whose purpose is the regulation of relations between its members and one particular employer or a number of particular employers who are associated, he is not, or is no longer, employed by that employer or one of those employers, or

(d)the expulsion is entirely attributable toF23 his conduct.

(3) A requirement in relation to membership of a union is "enforceable" for the purposes of paragraph (2)(a) if it restricts membership solely by reference to one or more of the following criteria-

(a)employment in a specified trade, industry or profession,

(b)occupational description (including grade, level or category of appointment), and

(c)possession of specified trade, industrial or professional qualifications or work experience.

For the purposes of paragraph (2)(d) "conduct", in relation to an individual, does not include-

(a)his being or ceasing to be, or having been or ceased to be-

(i)a member of another trade union,

(ii)employed by a particular employer or at a particular place, or

(iii)a member of a political party, or

(b)conduct to which Article 32 (conduct for which an individual may not be disciplined by a trade union) applies or would apply if the references in that Article to the trade union which is relevant for the purposes of that Article were references to any trade union.

(5) An individual who claims that he has been expelled from a trade union in contravention of this Article may present a complaint to an industrial tribunal.

Time limit for proceedingsN.I.

39. An industrial tribunal shall not entertain a complaint under Article 38 unless it is presented-

(a) before the end of the period of six months beginning with the date of the expulsion, or

(b) where the tribunal is satisfied that it was not reasonably practicable for the complaint to be presented before the end of that period, within such further period as the tribunal considers reasonable.

RemediesN.I.

40.-(1) Where the industrial tribunal finds a complaint under Article 38 is well-founded, it shall make a declaration to that effect.

(2) An individual whose complaint has been declared to be well-founded may make an application to an industrial tribunal for an award of compensation to be paid to him by the union.

(3) The application shall not be entertained if made-

(a)before the end of the period of four weeks beginning with the date of the declaration, or

(b)after the end of the period of six months beginning with that date.

(4) The amount of compensation awarded shall, subject to the following provisions, be such as the industrial tribunal considers just and equitable in all the circumstances.

(5) Where the industrial tribunal finds that the expulsion complained of was to any extent caused or contributed to by the action of the applicant, it shall reduce the amount of the compensation by such proportion as it considers just and equitable having regard to that finding.

(6) The amount of compensation calculated in accordance with paragraphs (4) and (5) shall not exceed the aggregate of-

(a)an amount equal to 30 times the limit for the time being imposed by[F24 Article 23(1)(a) of the Employment Rights Order] (maximum amount of a week's pay for basic award in unfair dismissal cases), and

(b)an amount equal to the limit for the time being imposed by[F24 Article 158(1)] of that Order (maximum compensatory award in such cases);

and, in a case to which paragraph (7) applies, shall not be less than[F25 £6,600].

(7) This paragraph applies to a case where when the application is made the applicant has not been re-admitted to the union.

Interpretation and other supplementary provisionsN.I.

41.-(1) For the purposes of Article 38-

(a)"trade union" does not include an organisation falling within sub-paragraph (b) of Article 3(1) of the 1992 Order;

(b)"employment" includes any relationship whereby an individual personally does work or performs services for another person (related expressions being construed accordingly).

(2) For the purposes of Articles 38 to 40 an individual who under the rules of a trade union ceases to be a member of the union on the happening of an event specified in the rules shall be treated as having been expelled from the union.

(3) The remedy of an individual for infringement of the right conferred by Article 38 is by way of a complaint to an industrial tribunal in accordance with that Article, Articles 39 and 40 and this Article, and not otherwise.

(4) Where a complaint relating to an expulsion which is presented under Article 38 is declared to be well-founded, no complaint in respect of the expulsion shall be presented or proceeded with under Article 33 (complaint of infringement of right not to be unjustifiably disciplined).

(5) The right conferred by Article 38 is in addition to, and not in substitution for, any right which exists apart from that Article; and, subject to paragraph (4), nothing in that Article, Article 39 or 40 or this Article affects any remedy for infringement of any such right.

Arts. 42, 43 rep. by 1996 NI 16

SupplementaryN.I.

Membership of constituent or affiliated organisationN.I.

44. In this Part "member", in relation to a trade union consisting wholly or partly of, or of representatives of, constituent or affiliated organisations, includes a member of any of the constituent or affiliated organisations.

[F26PART IVA]N.I.[F26COLLECTIVE BARGAINING: RECOGNITION]

N.I.

[F27Recognition of trade unionsN.I.

Schedule 1A shall have effect.]

[F28TrainingN.I.

44B.-(1) This Article applies where-

(a)a trade union is recognised, in accordance with Schedule 1A, as entitled to conduct collective bargaining on behalf of a bargaining unit (within the meaning of Part I of that Schedule), and

(b)a method for the conduct of collective bargaining is specified by the Industrial Court under paragraph 31(3) of that Schedule (and is not the subject of an agreement under paragraph 31(5)(a) or (b)).

The employer must from time to time invite the trade union to send representatives to a meeting for the purpose of-

(a)consulting about the employer's policy on training for workers within the bargaining unit,

(b)consulting about his plans for training for those workers during the period of six months starting with the day of the meeting, and

(c)reporting about training provided for those workers since the previous meeting.

The date set for a meeting under paragraph (2) must not be later than-

(a)in the case of a first meeting, the end of the period of six months starting with the day on which this Article first applies in relation to a bargaining unit, and

(b)in the case of each subsequent meeting, the end of the period of six months starting with the day of the previous meeting.

The employer shall, before the period of two weeks ending with the date of a meeting, provide to the trade union any information-

(a)without which the union's representatives would be to a material extent impeded in participating in the meeting, and

(b)which it would be in accordance with good industrial relations practice to disclose for the purposes of the meeting.

Article 40(1) of the 1992 Order shall apply in relation to the provision of information under paragraph (4) as it applies in relation to the disclosure of information under Article 39 of that Order.

The employer shall take account of any written representations about matters raised at a meeting which he receives from the trade union within the period of four weeks starting with the date of the meeting.

Where more than one trade union is recognised as entitled to conduct collective bargaining on behalf of a bargaining unit, a reference in this Article to "the trade union" is a reference to each trade union.

Where at a meeting under this Article (Meeting 1) an employer indicates his intention to convene a subsequent meeting (Meeting 2) before the expiry of the period of six months beginning with the date of Meeting 1, for the reference to a period of six months in paragraph (2)(b) there shall be substituted a reference to the expected period between Meeting 1 and Meeting 2.

The Department may by order amend any of paragraphs (2) to (6).

No order shall be made under paragraph (9) unless a draft has been laid before, and approved by resolution of, the Assembly.]

Article 44B: complaint to industrial tribunalN.I.

44C.-(1) A trade union may present a complaint to an industrial tribunal that an employer has failed to comply with his obligations under Article 44B in relation to a bargaining unit.

(2) An industrial tribunal shall not consider a complaint under this Article unless it is presented-

(a)before the end of the period of three months beginning with the date of the alleged failure, or

(b)within such further period as the tribunal considers reasonable in a case where it is satisfied that it was not reasonably practicable for the complaint to be presented before the end of that period of three months.

(3) Where an industrial tribunal finds a complaint under this Article well-founded it-

(a)shall make a declaration to that effect, and

(b)may make an award of compensation to be paid by the employer to each person who was, at the time when the failure occurred, a member of the bargaining unit.

(4) The amount of the award shall not, in relation to each person, exceed two weeks' pay.

(5) For the purpose of paragraph (4) a week's pay-

(a)shall be calculated in accordance with Chapter IV of Part I of the Employment Rights Order (taking the date of the employer's failure as the calculation date), and

(b)shall be subject to the limit in Article 23(1) of that Order.

(6) Proceedings for enforcement of an award of compensation under this Article-

(a)may, in relation to each person to whom compensation is payable, be commenced by that person, and

(b)may not be commenced by a trade union.F29

PART VN.I.APPLICATION OF FUNDS FOR POLITICAL OBJECTS

Restriction on use of funds for certain political objectsN.I.

Restriction on use of funds for political objectsN.I.

45.-(1) The funds of a trade union shall not be applied in the furtherance of the political objects to which this Part applies unless-

(a)there is in force in accordance with this Part a resolution (a "political resolution") approving the furtherance of those objects as an object of the union (see Articles 47 to 56), and

(b)there are in force rules of the union as to-

(i)the making of payments in furtherance of those objects out of a separate fund, and

(ii)the making of contributions to that fund by members,

which comply with this Part (see Articles 57 and 59) and have been approved by the Certification Officer.

(2) This applies whether the funds are so applied directly, or in conjunction with another trade union, association or body, or otherwise indirectly.

Political objects to which restriction appliesN.I.

46.-(1) The political objects to which this Part applies are the expenditure of money-

(a)on any contribution to the funds of, or on the payment of expenses incurred directly or indirectly by, a political party;

(b)on the provision of any service or property for use by or on behalf of any political party;

(c)in connection with the registration of electors, the candidature of any person, the selection of any candidate or the holding of any ballot by the union in connection with any election to a political office;

(d)on the maintenance of any holder of a political office;

(e)on the holding of any conference or meeting by or on behalf of a political party or of any other meeting the main purpose of which is the transaction of business in connection with a political party;

(f)on the production, publication or distribution of any literature, document, film, sound recording or advertisement the main purpose of which is to persuade people to vote for a political party or candidate or to persuade them not to vote for a political party or candidate.

(2) Where a person attends a conference or meeting as a delegate or otherwise as a participator in the proceedings, any expenditure incurred in connection with his attendance as such shall, for the purposes of paragraph (1)(e), be taken to be expenditure incurred on the holding of the conference or meeting.

(3) In determining for the purposes of paragraph (1) whether a trade union has incurred expenditure of a kind mentioned in that paragraph, no account shall be taken of the ordinary administrative expenses of the union.

(4) In this Article-

"candidate" means a candidate for election to a political office and includes a prospective candidate;

"contribution", in relation to the funds of a political party, includes any fee payable for affiliation to, or membership of, the party and any loan made to the party;

"electors" means electors at an election to a political office;

"film" includes any record, however made, of a sequence of visual images, which is capable of being used as a means of showing that sequence as a moving picture;

"political office" means the office of member of the Assembly, member of Parliament, member of the European Parliament or member of a district council or any position within a political party.

[F30Application of funds in breach of Article 45N.I.

46A.-(1) A person who is a member of a trade union and who claims that it has applied its funds in breach of Article 45 may apply to the Certification Officer for a declaration that it has done so.

On an application under this Article the Certification Officer-

(a)shall make such enquiries as he thinks fit,

(b)shall give the applicant and the union an opportunity to be heard,

(c)shall ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, the application is determined within six months of being made,

(d)may make or refuse the declaration asked for,

(e)shall, whether he makes or refuses the declaration, give reasons for his decision in writing, and

(f)may make written observations on any matter arising from, or connected with, the proceedings.

If he makes a declaration he shall specify in it-

(a)the provisions of Article 45 breached, and

(b)the amount of the funds applied in breach.

If he makes a declaration and is satisfied that the union has taken or agreed to take steps with a view to-

(a)remedying the declared breach, or

(b)securing that a breach of the same or any similar kind does not occur in future,

he shall specify those steps in making the declaration.

If he makes a declaration he may make such order for remedying the breach as he thinks just under the circumstances.

Where the Certification Officer requests a person to furnish information to him in connection with enquiries made by him under this Article, he shall specify the date by which that information is to be furnished and, unless he considers that it would be inappropriate to do so, shall proceed with his determination of the application notwithstanding that the information has not been furnished to him by the specified date.

A declaration made by the Certification Officer under this Article may be relied on as if it were a declaration made by the High Court.

Where an order has been made under this Article, any person who is a member of the union and was a member at the time it was made is entitled to enforce obedience to the order as if he had made the application on which the order was made.

An order made by the Certification Officer under this Article may be enforced in the same way as an order of the High Court.

If a person applies to the Certification Officer under this Article in relation to an alleged breach he may not apply to the High Court in relation to the breach; but nothing in this paragraph shall prevent such a person from exercising any right to appeal against or challenge the Certification Officer's decision on the application to him.

If-

(a)a person applies to the High Court in relation to alleged breach, and

(b)the breach is one in relation to which he could have made an application to the Certification Officer under this Article,

he may not apply to the Certification Officer under this Article in relation to the breach.]

Political resolutionN.I.

Passing and effect of political resolutionN.I.

47.-(1) A political resolution must be passed by a majority of those voting on a ballot of the members of the trade union held in accordance with this Part.

(2) A political resolution so passed shall take effect as if it were a rule of the union and may be rescinded in the same manner and subject to the same provisions as such a rule.

(3) If not previously rescinded, a political resolution shall cease to have effect at the end of the period of ten years beginning with the date of the ballot on which it was passed.

(4) Where before the end of that period a ballot is held on a new political resolution, then-

(a)if the new resolution is passed, the old resolution shall be treated as rescinded, and

(b)if it is not passed, the old resolution shall cease to have effect at the end of the period of two weeks beginning with the date of the ballot.

Approval of political ballot rulesN.I.

48.-(1) A ballot on a political resolution must be held in accordance with rules of the trade union (its "political ballot rules") approved by the Certification Officer.

(2) Fresh approval is required for the purposes of each ballot which it is proposed to hold, notwithstanding that the rules have been approved for the purposes of an earlier ballot.

(3) The Certification Officer shall not approve a union's political ballot rules unless he is satisfied that the requirements set out in-

• Article 49 (appointment of independent scrutineer),

• Article 50 (entitlement to vote),

• Article 51 (voting),

• Article 52 (counting of votes etc. by independent person), and

• Article 53 (scrutineer's report),

would be satisfied in relation to a ballot held by the union in accordance with the rules.

Appointment of independent scrutineerN.I.

49.-(1) The trade union shall, before the ballot is held, appoint a qualified independent person ( "the scrutineer") to carry out-

(a)the functions in relation to the ballot which are required under this Article to be contained in his appointment; and

(b)such additional functions in relation to the ballot as may be specified in his appointment.

(2) A person is a qualified independent person in relation to a ballot if-

(a)he satisfies such conditions as may be specified for the purposes of this Article by order of the Department or is himself so specified; and

(b)the trade union has no grounds for believing either that he will carry out any functions conferred on him in relation to the ballot otherwise than competently or that his independence in relation to the union, or in relation to the ballot, might reasonably be called into question.

(3) The scrutineer's appointment shall require him-

(a)to be the person who supervises the production of the voting papers and (unless he is appointed under Article 52 to undertake the distribution of the voting papers) their distribution and to whom the voting papers are returned by those voting;

(b)to-

(i)inspect the register of names and addresses of the members of the trade union, or

(ii)examine the copy of the register as at the relevant date which is supplied to him in accordance with paragraph (9)(a),

whenever it appears to him appropriate to do so and, in particular, when the conditions specified in paragraph (4) are satisfied;

(c)to take such steps as appear to him to be appropriate for the purpose of enabling him to make his report (see Article 53);

(d)to make his report to the trade union as soon as reasonably practicable after the last date for the return of voting papers; and

(e)to retain custody of all voting papers returned for the purposes of the ballot and the copy of the register supplied to him in accordance with paragraph (9)(a)-

(i)until the end of the period of one year beginning with the announcement by the union of the result of the ballot; and

(ii)if within that period an application is made under Article 54 (complaint of failure to comply with ballot rules), until the Certification Officer or the High Court authorises him to dispose of the papers or copy.

(4) The conditions referred to in paragraph (3)(b) are-

(a)that a request that the scrutineer inspect the register or examine the copy is made to him during the appropriate period by a member of the trade union who suspects that the register is not, or at the relevant date was not, accurate and up-to-date, and

(b)that the scrutineer does not consider that the member's suspicion is ill-founded.

(5) In paragraph (4) "the appropriate period" means the period-

(a)beginning with the day on which the scrutineer is appointed, and

(b)ending with the day before the day on which the scrutineer makes his report to the trade union.

(6) The duty of confidentiality as respects the register is incorporated in the scrutineer's appointment.

(7) The trade union shall ensure that nothing in the terms of the scrutineer's appointment (including any additional functions specified in the appointment) is such as to make it reasonable for any person to call the scrutineer's independence in relation to the union into question.

(8) The trade union shall, before the scrutineer begins to carry out his functions, either-

(a)send a notice stating the name of the scrutineer to every member of the union to whom it is reasonably practicable to send such a notice, or

(b)take all such other steps for notifying members of the name of the scrutineer as it is the practice of the union to take when matters of general interest to all its members need to be brought to their attention.

(9) The trade union shall-

(a)supply to the scrutineer as soon as is reasonably practicable after the relevant date a copy of the register of names and addresses of its members as at that date, and

(b)comply with any request made by the scrutineer to inspect the register.

(10) Where the register is kept by means of a computer the duty imposed on the trade union by paragraph (9)(a) is either to supply a legible printed copy or (if the scrutineer prefers) to supply a copy of the computer data and allow the scrutineer use of the computer to read it at any time during the period when he is required to retain custody of the copy.

(11) The trade union shall ensure that the scrutineer duly carries out his functions and that there is no interference with his carrying out of those functions which would make it reasonable for any person to call the scrutineer's independence in relation to the union into question.

(12) The trade union shall comply with all reasonable requests made by the scrutineer for the purposes of, or in connection with, the carrying out of his functions.

(13) In this Article "the relevant date" means-

(a)where the trade union has rules determining who is entitled to vote in the ballot by reference to membership on a particular date, that date, and

(b)otherwise, the date, or the last date, on which voting papers are distributed for the purposes of the ballot.

Entitlement to voteN.I.

50. Entitlement to vote in the ballot shall be accorded equally to all members of the trade union.

VotingN.I.

51.-(1) The method of voting must be by the marking of a voting paper by the person voting.

(2) Each voting paper must-

(a)state the name of the independent scrutineer and clearly specify the address to which, and the date by which, it is to be returned, and

(b)be given one of a series of consecutive whole numbers every one of which is used in giving a different number in that series to each voting paper printed or otherwise produced for the purposes of the ballot, and

(c)be marked with its number.

(3) Every person who is entitled to vote in the ballot must-

(a)be allowed to vote without interference from, or constraint imposed by, the union or any of its members, officials or employees, and

(b)so far as is reasonably practicable, be enabled to do so without incurring any direct cost to himself.

(4) So far as is reasonably practicable, every person who is entitled to vote in the ballot must-

(a)have a voting paper sent to him by post at his home address or another address which he has requested the trade union in writing to treat as his postal address, and

(b)be given a convenient opportunity to vote by post;

but where, for the purpose of personal safety, a member of a trade union requests the union in writing to send a voting paper to him by some means other than by post then, in relation to that member, sub-paragraph (a) shall have effect with the substitution for the reference to post of a reference to that other means.

(5) The ballot shall be conducted so as to secure that-

(a)so far as is reasonably practicable, those voting do so in secret, and

(b)the votes given in the ballot are fairly and accurately counted.

For the purposes of sub-paragraph (b) an inaccuracy in counting shall be disregarded if it is accidental and on a scale which could not affect the result of the ballot.

Counting of votes etc. by independent personN.I.

52.-(1) The trade union shall ensure that-

(a)the storage and distribution of the voting papers for the purposes of the ballot, and

(b)the counting of the votes cast in the ballot,

are undertaken by one or more independent persons appointed by the union.

(2) A person is an independent person in relation to a ballot if-

(a)he is the scrutineer, or

(b)he is a person other than the scrutineer and the trade union has no grounds for believing either that he will carry out any functions conferred on him in relation to the ballot otherwise than competently or that his independence in relation to the union, or in relation to the ballot, might reasonably be called into question.

(3) An appointment under this Article shall require the person appointed to carry out his functions so as to minimise the risk of any contravention of requirements imposed by or under any statutory provision or the occurrence of any unfairness or malpractice.

(4) The duty of confidentiality as respects the register is incorporated in an appointment under this Article.

(5) Where the person appointed to undertake the counting of votes is not the scrutineer, his appointment shall require him to send the voting papers back to the scrutineer as soon as reasonably practicable after the counting has been completed.

(6) The trade union-

(a)shall ensure that nothing in the terms of an appointment under this Article is such as to make it reasonable for any person to call into question the independence of the person appointed in relation to the union,

(b)shall ensure that a person appointed under this Article duly carries out his functions and that there is no interference with his carrying out of those functions which would make it reasonable for any person to call into question the independence of the person appointed in relation to the union,and

(c)shall comply with all reasonable requests made by a person appointed under this Article for the purposes of, or in connection with, the carrying out of his functions.

Scrutineer's reportN.I.

53.-(1) The scrutineer's report on the ballot shall state-

(a)the number of voting papers distributed for the purposes of the ballot,

(b)the number of voting papers returned to the scrutineer,

(c)the number of valid votes cast in the ballot for and against the resolution,

(d)the number of spoiled or otherwise invalid voting papers returned, and

(e)the name of the person (or of each of the persons) appointed under Article 52 or, if no person was so appointed, that fact.

(2) The report shall also state whether the scrutineer is satisfied-

(a)that there are no reasonable grounds for believing that there was any contravention of a requirement imposed by or under any statutory provision in relation to the ballot,

(b)that the arrangements made (whether by him or any other person) with respect to the production, storage, distribution, return or other handling of the voting papers used in the ballot, and the arrangements for the counting of the votes, included all such security arrangements as were reasonably practicable for the purpose of minimising the risk that any unfairness or malpractice might occur, and

(c)that he has been able to carry out his functions without such interference as would make it reasonable for any person to call his independence in relation to the union into question;

and if he is not satisfied as to any of those matters, the report shall give particulars of his reasons for not being satisfied as to that matter.

(3) The report shall also state-

(a)whether the scrutineer-

(i)has inspected the register of names and addresses of the members of the trade union, or

(ii)has examined the copy of the register as at the relevant date which is supplied to him in accordance with Article 49(9)(a),

(b)if he has, whether in the case of each inspection or examination he was acting on a request by a member of the trade union or at his own instance,

(c)whether he declined to act on any such request, and

(d)whether any inspection of the register, or any examination of the copy of the register, has revealed any matter which he considers should be drawn to the attention of the trade union in order to assist it in securing that the register is accurate and up-to-date,

but shall not state the name of any member who has requested such an inspection or examination.

(4) Where one or more persons other than the scrutineer are appointed under Article 52, the statement included in the scrutineer's report in accordance with paragraph (2)(b) shall also indicate-

(a)whether he is satisfied with the performance of the person, or each of the persons, so appointed, and

(b)if he is not satisfied with the performance of the person, or any of them, particulars of his reasons for not being so satisfied.

(5) The trade union shall not publish the result of the ballot until it has received the scrutineer's report.

(6) The trade union shall within the period of three months after it receives the report-

(a)send a copy of the report to every member of the union to whom it is reasonably practicable to send such a copy; or

(b)take all such other steps for notifying the contents of the report to the members of the union (whether by publishing the report or otherwise) as it is the practice of the union to take when matters of general interest to all its members need to be brought to their attention.

(7) Any such copy or notification shall be accompanied by a statement that the union will, on request, supply any member of the union with a copy of the report, either free of charge or on payment of such reasonable fee as may be specified in the notification.

(8) The trade union shall so supply any member of the union who makes such a request and pays the fee (if any) notified to him.

Remedy for failure to comply with ballot rules: generalN.I.

54.-(1) The remedy for-

(a)the taking by a trade union of a ballot on a political resolution otherwise than in accordance with political ballot rules approved by the Certification Officer, or

(b)the failure of a trade union, in relation to a proposed ballot on a political resolution, to comply with the political ballot rules so approved,

is by way of application under Article 55 (to the Certification Officer) or 56 (to the High Court).

(2) An application under those Articles may be made only by a person who is a member of the trade union and, where the ballot has been held, was a member at the time when it was held.

References in those Articles to a person having a sufficient interest are to such a person.

(3) No such application may be made after the end of the period of one year beginning with the day on which the union announced the result of the ballot.

Application to Certification OfficerN.I.

55.-(1) A person having a sufficient interest (see Article 54(2)) who claims that a trade union-

(a)has held a ballot on a political resolution otherwise than in accordance with political ballot rules approved by the Certification Office, or

(b)has failed in relation to a proposed ballot on a political resolution to comply with political ballot rules so approved,

may apply to the Certification Officer for a declaration to that effect.

(2) On an application being made to him, the Certification Officer shall-

(a)make such enquiries as he thinks fit, and

(b) give the applicant and the trade union an opportunity to be heard,

and may make or refuse the declaration asked for.

(3) If he makes a declaration he shall specify in it the provisions with which the trade union has failed to comply.

(4) Where he makes a declaration and is satisfied that steps have been taken by the union with a view to remedying the declared failure, or securing that a failure of the same or any similar kind does not occur in future, or that the union has agreed to take such steps, he shall in making the declaration specify those steps.

(5) Whether he makes or refuses a declaration, he shall give reasons for his decision in writing; and the reasons may be accompanied by written observations on any matter arising from, or connected with, the proceedings.

Where the Certification Officer makes a declaration he shall also, unless he considers that to do so would be inappropriate, make an enforcement order, that is, an order imposing on the union one or more of the following requirements-

(a)to secure the holding of a ballot in accordance with the order;

(b)to take such other steps to remedy the declared failure as may be specified in the order;

(c)to abstain from such acts as may be so specified with a view to securing that a failure of the same or a similar kind does not occur in future.

The Certification Officer shall in an order imposing any such requirement as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) or (b) specify the period within which the union must comply with the requirements of the order.

Where the Certification Officer makes an order requiring the union to hold a fresh ballot, he shall (unless he considers that it would be inappropriate to do so in the particular circumstances of the case) require the ballot to be conducted in accordance with the union's political ballot rules and such other provisions as may be made by the order.

Where an enforcement order has been made, any person who is a member of the union and was a member at the time the order was made is entitled to enforce obedience to the order as if he had made the application on which the order was made.]

In exercising his functions under this Article the Certification Officer shall ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, an application made to him is determined within six months of being made.

(7) Where he requests a person to furnish information to him in connection with enquiries made by him under this Article, he shall specify the date by which that information is to be furnished and shall, unless he considers that it would be inappropriate to do so, proceed with his determination of the application notwithstanding that the information has not been furnished to him by the specified date.

A declaration made by the Certification Officer under this Article may be relied on as if it were a declaration made by the High Court.

An enforcement order made by the Certification Officer under this Article may be enforced in the same way as an order of the High Court.

The following provisions have effect if a person applies under Article 56 in relation to a matter-

(a)that person may not apply under this Article in relation to that matter;

(b)on an application by a different person under this Article in relation to that matter, the Certification Officer shall have due regard to any declaration, order, observations or reasons made or given by the High Court regarding that matter and brought to the Certification Officer's notice.]

Application to High CourtN.I.

56.-(1) A person having a sufficient interest (see Article 54(2)) who claims that a trade union-

(a)has held a ballot on a political resolution otherwise than in accordance with political ballot rules approved by the Certification Officer, or

(b)has failed in relation to a proposed ballot on a political resolution to comply with political ballot rules so approved,

may apply to the High Court for a declaration to that effect.

Para.(2) rep. by 1999 NI 9

(3) If the High Court makes the declaration asked for, it shall specify in the declaration the provisions with which the trade union has failed to comply.

(4) Where the High Court makes a declaration it shall also, unless it considers that to do so would be inappropriate, make an enforcement order, that is, an order imposing on the union one or more of the following requirements-

(a)to secure the holding of a ballot in accordance with the order;

(b)to take such other steps to remedy the declared failure as may be specified in the order;

(c)to abstain from such acts as may be so specified with a view to securing that a failure of the same or a similar kind does not occur in future.

The court shall in an order imposing any such requirement as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) or (b) specify the period within which the union must comply with the requirements of the order.

(5) Where the High Court makes an order requiring the union to hold a fresh ballot, the High Court shall (unless it considers that it would be inappropriate to do so in the particular circumstances of the case) require the ballot to be conducted in accordance with the union's political ballot rules and such other provisions as may be made by the order.

(6) Where an enforcement order has been made, any person who is a member of the union and was a member at the time the order was made is entitled to enforce obedience to the order as if he had made the application on which the order was made.

(7) Without prejudice to any other power of the High Court, the court may on an application under this Article grant such interlocutory relief as it considers appropriate.

The following provisions have effect if a person applies under Article 55 in relation to a matter-

(a)that person may not apply under this Article in relation to that matter;

(b)on an application by a different person under this Article in relation to that matter, the High Court shall have due regard to any declaration, order, observations or reasons made or given by the Certification Officer regarding that matter and brought to the court's notice.]

The political fundN.I.

Rules as to political fundN.I.

57.-(1) The trade union's rules must provide-

(a)that payments in the furtherance of the political objects to which this Part applies shall be made out of a separate fund (the "political fund" of the union);

(b)that a member of the union who is not a contributor (see Article 59) shall not be under any obligation to contribute to it;

(c)that a member shall not by reason of not being a contributor-

(i)be excluded from any benefits of the union, or

(ii)be placed in any respect either directly or indirectly under a disability or at a disadvantage as compared with other members of the union (except in relation to the control or management of the political fund); and

(d)that contribution to the political fund shall not be made a condition for admission to the union.

(2) A member of a trade union who claims that he is aggrieved by a breach of any rule made in pursuance of this Article may complain to the Certification Officer.

On a complaint being made to him the Certification Officer shall make such enquiries as he thinks fit.]

Where, after giving the member and a representative of the union an opportunity of being heard, the Certification Officer considers that a breach has been committed, he may make such order for remedying the breach as he thinks just under the circumstances.

Where the Certification Officer requests a person to furnish information to him in connection with enquiries made by him under this Article, he shall specify the date by which that information is to be furnished and, unless he considers that it would be inappropriate to do so, shall proceed with his determination of the application notwithstanding that the information has not been furnished to him by the specified date.]

Where an order has been made under this Article, any person who is a member of the union and was a member at the time it was made is entitled to enforce obedience to the order as if he had made the complaint on which it was made.

An order made by the Certification Officer under this Article may be enforced in the same way as an order of the county court.]

Assets and liabilities of political fundN.I.

58.-(1) There may be added to a union's political fund only-

(a)sums representing contributions made to the fund by members of the union or by any person other than the union itself, and

(b)property which accrues to the fund in the course of administering the assets of the fund.

(2) The rules of the union shall not be taken to require any member to contribute to the political fund at a time when there is no political resolution in force in relation to the union.

(3) No liability of a union's political fund shall be discharged out of any other fund of the union.

This paragraph applies notwithstanding any term or condition on which the liability was incurred or that an asset of the other fund has been charged in connection with the liability.

Contributions to the political fund from members of the unionN.I.

59.-(1) It shall not be lawful to require any member of a trade union to make any contribution to the political fund of a trade union unless he-

(a)has given to the union notice in writing of his willingness to contribute to that fund; and

(b)has not withdrawn that notice in accordance with paragraph (2).

(2) A member of a trade union who has given notice under paragraph (1)(a) may withdraw that notice by giving written notice of withdrawal to the union.

(3) A notice under paragraph (1)(a) and a notice of withdrawal under paragraph (2) may be given to a trade union-

(a)by being delivered at the head office or a branch office of the union;

(b)by being so delivered personally or by any authorised agent or by post;

and any such notice of withdrawal shall take effect for the purposes of this Part as from 1st January next following the giving of that notice to the union.

(4) All contributions to the political fund of a trade union from members of the trade union who are contributors to the fund shall be levied and made separately from any contributions to the other funds of the trade union.

(5) In this Part "contributor", in relation to the political fund of a trade union, means a member who has given to the union the notice referred to in paragraph (1)(a) and not withdrawn it.

Duties of employer who deducts union contributionsN.I.

Employer not to deduct contributions where member gives certificateN.I.

60.-(1) If a member of a trade union which has a political fund certifies in writing to his employer that, or to the effect that, he is not a contributor to the fund, the employer shall ensure that no amount representing a contribution to the political fund is deducted by him from emoluments payable to the member.

(2) The employer's duty under paragraph (1) applies from the first day, following the giving of the certificate, on which it is reasonably practicable for him to comply with that paragraph, until the certificate is withdrawn.

(3) An employer may not refuse to deduct any union dues from emoluments payable to a person who has given a certificate under this Article if he continues to deduct union dues from emoluments payable to other members of the union, unless his refusal is not attributable to the giving of the certificate or otherwise connected with the duty imposed by paragraph (1).

[F35Complaint in respect of employer's failureN.I.

61.-(1) A person who claims his employer has failed to comply with Article 60 in deducting or refusing to deduct any amount from emoluments payable to him may present a complaint to an industrial tribunal.

A tribunal shall not consider a complaint under paragraph (1) unless it is presented-

(a)within the period of three months beginning with the date of the payment of the emoluments or (if the complaint relates to more than one payment) the last of the payments, or

(b)where the tribunal is satisfied that it was not reasonably practicable for the complaint to be presented within that period, within such further period as the tribunal considers reasonable.

Where on a complaint under paragraph (1) arising out of paragraph (3) (refusal to deduct union dues) of Article 60 the question arises whether the employer's refusal to deduct an amount was attributable to the giving of the certificate or was otherwise connected with the duty imposed by paragraph (1) of that Article, it is for the employer to satisfy the tribunal that it was not.

Where a tribunal finds that a complaint under paragraph (1) is well-founded-

(a)it shall make a declaration to that effect and, where the complaint arises out of paragraph (1) of Article 60, order the employer to pay to the complainant the amount deducted in contravention of that paragraph less any part of that amount already paid to him by the employer, and

(b)it may, if it considers it appropriate to do so in order to prevent a repetition of the failure, make an order requiring the employer to take, within a specified time, the steps specified in the order in relation to emoluments payable by him to the complainant.

A person who claims his employer has failed to comply with an order made under paragraph (4)(b) on a complaint presented by him may present a further complaint to an industrial tribunal; but only one complaint may be presented under this paragraph in relation to any order.

A tribunal shall not consider a complaint under paragraph (5) unless it is presented-

(a)after the end of the period of four weeks beginning with the date of the order, but

(b)before the end of the period of six months beginning with that date.

Where on a complaint under paragraph (5) a tribunal finds that an employer has, without reasonable excuse, failed to comply with an order made under paragraph (4)(b), it shall order the employer to pay to the complainant an amount equal to two weeks' pay.

Chapter IV of Part I of the Employment Rights (Northern Ireland) Order 1996 (calculation of a week's pay) applies for the purposes of paragraph (7) with the substitution for Article 21 of the following-

"For the purposes of this Chapter in its application to paragraph (7) of Article 61 of the Trade Union and Labour Relations Order, the calculation date is the date of the payment, or (if more than one) the last of the payments, to which the complaint related." .]

Art. 62 rep. by 1998 NI 8

Position where political resolution ceases to have effectN.I.

Administration of political fund where no resolution in forceN.I.

63.-(1) The following provisions have effect with respect to the political fund of a trade union where there ceases to be any political resolution in force in relation to the union.

(2) If the resolution ceases to have effect by reason of a ballot being held on which a new political resolution is not passed, the union may continue to make payments out of the fund as if the resolution had continued in force for six months beginning with the date of the ballot.

But no payment shall be made which causes the fund to be in deficit or increases a deficit in it.

(3) There may be added to the fund only-

(a)contributions to the fund paid to the union (or to a person on its behalf) before the resolution ceased to have effect, and

(b)property which accrues to the fund in the course of administering the assets of the fund.

(4) The union may, notwithstanding any of its rules or any trusts on which the fund is held, transfer the whole or part of the fund to such other fund of the union as it thinks fit.

(5) If a new political resolution is subsequently passed, no property held immediately before the date of the ballot by or on behalf of the union otherwise than in its political fund, and no sums representing such property, may be added to the fund.

Discontinuance of contributions to political fundN.I.

64.-(1) Where there ceases to be any political resolution in force in relation to a trade union, the union shall take such steps as are necessary to ensure that the collection of contributions to its political fund is discontinued as soon as is reasonably practicable.

(2) The union may, notwithstanding any of its rules, pay into any of its other funds any such contribution which is received by it after the resolution ceases to have effect.

(3) If the union continues to collect contributions, it shall refund to a member who applies for a refund the contributions made by him collected after the resolution ceased to have effect.

(4) A member of a trade union who claims that the union has failed to comply with paragraph (1) may apply to the High Court for a declaration to that effect.

(5) Where the High Court is satisfied that the complaint is well-founded, it may, if it considers it appropriate to do so in order to secure that the collection of contributions to the political fund is discontinued, make an order requiring the union to take, within such time as may be specified in the order, such steps as may be so specified.

Such an order may be enforced by a person who is a member of the union and was a member at the time the order was made as if he had made the application.

(6) The remedy for failure to comply with paragraph (1) is in accordance with paragraphs (4) and (5), and not otherwise; but this does not affect any right to recover sums payable to a person under paragraph (3).

Rules to cease to have effectN.I.

65.-(1) If there ceases to be any political resolution in force in relation to a trade union, the rules of the union made for the purpose of complying with this Part also cease to have effect, except so far as they are required to enable the political fund to be administered at a time when there is no such resolution in force.

(2) If the resolution ceases to have effect by reason of a ballot being held on which a new political resolution is not passed, the rules cease to have effect at the end of the period of six months beginning with the date of the ballot.

In any other case the rules cease to have effect when the resolution ceases to have effect.

(3) Nothing in this Article affects the operation of Article 57(2) (complaint to Certification Officer in respect of breach of rules) in relation to a breach of a rule occurring before the rule in question ceased to have effect.

(4) A member of a trade union who has at any time not been a contributor to its political fund shall not by reason of his not having been a contributor-

(a)be excluded from any benefits of the union, or

(b)be placed in any respect either directly or indirectly under a disability or at a disadvantage as compared with other members (except in relation to the control or management of the political fund).

SupplementaryN.I.

Manner of making union rulesN.I.

66. If the Certification Officer is satisfied, and certifies, that rules of a trade union made for any of the purposes of this Part and requiring approval by him have been approved-

(a)by a majority of the members of the union voting for the purpose, or

(b)by a majority of delegates of the union at a meeting called for the purpose,

the rules shall have effect as rules of the union notwithstanding that the rules of the union as to the alteration of rules or the making of new rules have not been complied with.

Effect of amalgamationN.I.

67.-(1) Where on an amalgamation of two or more trade unions-

(a)there is in force in relation to each of the amalgamating unions a political resolution and such rules as are required by this Part, and

(b)the rules of the amalgamated union in force immediately after the amalgamation include such rules as are required by this Part,

the amalgamated union shall be treated for the purposes of this Part as having passed a political resolution.

(2) That resolution shall be treated as having been passed on the date of the earliest of the ballots on which the resolutions in force immediately before the amalgamation with respect to the amalgamating unions were passed.

(3) Where one of the amalgamating unions is a Great Britain union, the references above to the requirements of this Part shall be construed as references to the requirements of the corresponding provisions of the law of Great Britain.

Overseas membersN.I.

68.-(1) Where a political resolution is in force in relation to the union, rules made by the union for the purpose of complying with Article 48 (political ballot rules) in relation to a proposed ballot may provide for overseas members of the union not to be accorded entitlement to vote in the ballot.

(2) Accordingly, where provision is made in accordance with paragraph (1), the Certification Officer shall not on that ground withhold his approval of the rules.

(3) An "overseas member" means a member of the trade union (other than a merchant seaman or offshore worker) who is outside Northern Ireland throughout the period during which votes may be cast.

For this purpose-

"merchant seaman" means a person whose employment, or the greater part of it, is carried out on board sea-going ships; and

"offshore worker" means a person in offshore employment within the meaning of section 287 of the Great Britain Act, other than one who is in such employment in an area where the law of Great Britain applies.

Art. 69 rep. by 1999 NI 9

Meaning of "date of the ballot"N.I.

70. In this Part the "date of the ballot" means, in the case of a ballot in which votes may be cast on more than one day, the last of those days.

Application to Great Britain unions and membersN.I.

71.-(1) Subject to paragraphs (2) to (5), the provisions of this Part apply only to a trade union which has its head or main office in Northern Ireland.

(2) The rules of any Great Britain union made in pursuance of section 71(1)(b) of the Great Britain Act shall, in so far as they apply to members of the union in Northern Ireland,-

(a)comply with the requirements of Article 59; and

(b)in so far as they so comply, be subject to the approval of the Certification Officer.

(3) Every member of a Great Britain union who-

(a)has not delivered to the union the notice referred to in Article 59(1)(a); or

(b)has delivered such a notice but has withdrawn it in accordance with Article 59(2),

shall be deemed for the purposes of Chapter VI of Part I of the Great Britain Act to be a member who is exempt from the obligation to contribute to the political fund of the union; and references in that Act to a member who is so exempt shall be construed accordingly.

(4) Article 57(2) to (4) shall apply in relation to rules of a trade union approved-

(a)by the Certification Officer under paragraph (2)(b); or

(b)before 1st July 1992, by the officer appointed to perform in Northern Ireland the functions of registrar of friendly societies,

as they apply in relation to rules made in pursuance of Article 57; and Article 66 shall apply to any rules to be approved by the Certification Officer under paragraph (2)(b).

(5) Articles 60 to 62 apply to a member of a Great Britain union as if-

(a)for references in Article 60(1) to a political fund there were substituted references to a political,fund within the meaning of Chapter VI of Part I of the Great Britain Act;

(b)in Article 60(1) for the words "not a contributor" there were substituted the words "exempt from the obligation to contribute".

Application of Part V to certain bodiesN.I.

72.-(1) This Part applies to a trade union which is in whole or part an association or combination of other unions as if the individual members of the component unions were members of that union and not of the component unions.

But nothing in this Part prevents a component union from collecting contributions on behalf of the association or combination from such of its members as are contributors to the political fund of the association or combination.

(2) [F36Subject to paragraphs (3) to (6),] this Part applies with the necessary modifications in relation to an unincorporated employers' association as it applies in relation to a trade union.

Paragraph (1) does not apply to these provisions-

(a)Article 46A;

(b)in Article 55, paragraphs (5A) to (5C) and (8) to (10);

(c)in Article 56, paragraph (8).

In its application to an unincorporated employers' association, Article 54 shall have effect as if at the end of paragraph (1) there were inserted-

In its application to an unincorporated employers' association, Article 55(2)(b) shall have effect as if the words "where he considers it appropriate," were inserted at the beginning.

In its application to an unincorporated employers' association, Article 56 shall have effect as if after paragraph (1) there were inserted-

PART VIN.I.AMALGAMATIONS AND SIMILAR MATTERS

Amalgamation or transfer of engagementsN.I.

Amalgamation or transfer of engagementsN.I.

73.-(1) Two or more trade unions may amalgamate and become one trade union, with or without a division or dissolution of the funds of any one or more of the amalgamating unions, but shall not do so unless-

(a)the instrument of amalgamation is approved in accordance with Article 74, and

(b)the requirements of Article 75 (notice to members) and Article 76 (resolution to be passed by required majority on ballot held in accordance with Articles 77 to 81) are complied with in respect of each of the amalgamating unions.

(2) A trade union may transfer its engagements to another trade union which undertakes to fulfil those engagements, but shall not do so unless-

(a)the instrument of transfer is approved in accordance with Article 74, and

(b)the requirements of Article 75 (notice to members) and Article 76 (resolution to be passed by required majority on ballot held in accordance with Articles 77 to 81) are complied with in respect of the transferor union.

(3) An amalgamation or transfer of engagements does not prejudice any right of any creditor of any trade union party to the amalgamation or transfer.

(4) The above provisions apply to every amalgamation or transfer of engagements notwithstanding anything in the rules of any of the trade unions concerned.

Approval of instrument of amalgamation or transferN.I.

74.-(1) The instrument of amalgamation or transfer must be approved by the Certification Officer and shall be submitted to him for approval before a ballot of the members of any amalgamating union, or (as the case may be) of the transferor union, is held on the resolution to approve the instrument.

If the Certification Officer is satisfied-

(a)that an instrument of amalgamation complies with the requirements of any regulations in force under this Part, and

(b)that he is not prevented from approving the instrument of amalgamation by paragraph (3),

he shall approve the instrument.

The Certification Officer shall not approve an instrument of amalgamation if it appears to him that the proposed name of the amalgamated union is the same as the name under which another organisation-

(a)was on 30th June 1992 registered as a trade union under the Trade Union Acts (Northern Ireland) 1871 to 1965, or

(b)is for the time being entered in the list of trade unions or in the list of employers' associations kept under the 1992 Order or under the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (c.52),

or if the proposed name is one so nearly resembling any such name as to be likely to deceive the public.

Paragraph (3) does not apply if the proposed name is the name of one of the amalgamating unions.

If the Certification Officer is satisfied that an instrument of transfer complies with the requirements of any regulations in force under this Part, he shall approve the instrument.]

Notice to be given to membersN.I.

75.-(1) The trade union shall take all reasonable steps to secure that every voting paper which is supplied for voting in the ballot on the resolution to approve the instrument of amalgamation or transfer is accompanied by a notice in writing approved for the purpose by the Certification Officer.

(2) The notice shall be in writing and shall either-

(a)set out in full the instrument of amalgamation or transfer to which the resolution relates, or

(b)give an account of it sufficient to enable those receiving the notice to form a reasonable judgment of the main effects of the proposed amalgamation or transfer.

(3) If the notice does not set out the instrument in full it shall state where copies of the instrument may be inspected by those receiving the notice.

(4) The notice shall not contain any statement making a recommendation or expressing an opinion about the proposed amalgamation or transfer.

(5) The notice shall also comply with the requirements of any regulations in force under this Part.

(6) The notice proposed to be supplied to members of the union under this Article shall be submitted to the Certification Officer for approval; and he shall approve it if he is satisfied that it meets the requirements of this Article.

Requirement of ballot on resolutionN.I.

76.-(1) A resolution approving the instrument of amalgamation or transfer must be passed on a ballot of the members of the trade union held in accordance with Articles 77 to 81.

(2) A simple majority of those voting is sufficient to pass such a resolution unless the rules of the trade union expressly require it to be approved by a greater majority or by a specified proportion of the members of the union.

Appointment of independent scrutineerN.I.

77.-(1) The trade union shall, before the ballot is held, appoint a qualified independent person ( "the scrutineer") to carry out-

(a)the functions in relation to the ballot which are required under this Article to be contained in his appointment; and

(b)such additional functions in relation to the ballot as may be specified in his appointment.

(2) A person is a qualified independent person in relation to a ballot if-

(a)he satisfies such conditions as may be specified for the purposes of this Article by order of the Department or is himself so specified; and

(b)the trade union has no grounds for believing either that he will carry out any functions conferred on him in relation to the ballot otherwise than competently or that his independence in relation to the union, or in relation to the ballot, might reasonably be called into question.

(3) The scrutineer's appointment shall require him-

(a)to be the person who supervises the production of the voting papers and (unless he is appointed under Article 80 to undertake the distribution of the voting papers) their distribution and to whom the voting papers are returned by those voting;

(b)to-

(i)inspect the register of names and addresses of the members of the trade union, or

(ii)examine the copy of the register as at the relevant date which is supplied to him in accordance with paragraph (9)(a),

whenever it appears to him appropriate to do so and, in particular, when the conditions specified in paragraph (4) are satisfied;

(c)to take such steps as appear to him to be appropriate for the purpose of enabling him to make his report (see Article 81);

(d)to make his report to the trade union as soon as reasonably practicable after the last date for the return of voting papers; and

(e)to retain custody of all voting papers returned for the purposes of the ballot and the copy of the register supplied to him in accordance with paragraph (9)(a)-

(i)until the end of the period of one year beginning with the announcement by the union of the result of the ballot; and

(ii)if within that period a complaint is made under Article 84 (complaint as regards passing of resolution), until the Certification Officer or Court of Appeal authorises him to dispose of the papers or copy.

(4) The conditions referred to in paragraph (3)(b) are-

(a)that a request that the scrutineer inspect the register or examine the copy is made to him during the appropriate period by a member of the trade union who suspects that the register is not, or at the relevant date was not, accurate and up-to-date, and

(b)that the scrutineer does not consider that the member's suspicion is ill-founded.

(5) In paragraph (4) "the appropriate period" means the period-

(a)beginning with the day on which the scrutineer is appointed, and

(b)ending with the day before the day on which the scrutineer makes his report to the trade union.

(6) The duty of confidentiality as respects the register is incorporated in the scrutineer's appointment.

(7) The trade union shall ensure that nothing in the terms of the scrutineer's appointment (including any additional functions specified in the appointment) is such as to make it reasonable for any person to call the scrutineer's independence in relation to the union into question.

(8) The trade union shall, before the scrutineer begins to carry out his functions, either-

(a)send a notice stating the name of the scrutineer to every member of the union to whom it is reasonably practicable to send such a notice, or

(b)take all such other steps for notifying members of the name of the scrutineer as it is the practice of the union to take when matters of general interest to all its members need to be brought to their attention.

(9) The trade union shall-

(a)supply to the scrutineer as soon as is reasonably practicable after the relevant date a copy of the register of names and addresses of its members as at that date, and

(b)comply with any request made by the scrutineer to inspect the register.

(10) Where the register is kept by means of a computer the duty imposed on the trade union by paragraph (9)(a) is either to supply a legible printed copy or (if the scrutineer prefers) to supply a copy of the computer data and allow the scrutineer use of the computer to read it at any time during the period when he is required to retain custody of the copy.

(11) The trade union shall ensure that the scrutineer duly carries out his functions and that there is no interference with his carrying out of those functions which would make it reasonable for any person to call the scrutineer's independence in relation to the union into question.

(12) The trade union shall comply with all reasonable requests made by the scrutineer for the purposes of, or in connection with, the carrying out of his functions.

(13) In this Article "the relevant date" means-

(a)where the trade union has rules determining who is entitled to vote in the ballot by reference to membership on a particular date, that date, and

(b)otherwise, the date, or the last date, on which voting papers are distributed for the purposes of the ballot.

Entitlement to voteN.I.

78. Entitlement to vote in the ballot shall be accorded equally to all members of the trade union.

VotingN.I.

79.-(1) The method of voting must be by the marking of a voting paper by the person voting.

(2) Each voting paper must-

(a)state the name of the independent scrutineer and clearly specify the address to which, and the date by which, it is to be returned, and

(b)be given one of a series of consecutive whole numbers every one of which is used in giving a different number in that series to each voting paper printed or otherwise produced for the purposes of the ballot, and

(c)be marked with its number.

(3) Every person who is entitled to vote in the ballot must-

(a)be allowed to vote without interference or constraint, and

(b)so far as is reasonably practicable, be enabled to do so without incurring any direct cost to himself.

(4) So far as is reasonably practicable, every person who is entitled to vote in the ballot must-

(a)have a voting paper sent to him by post at his home address or another address which he has requested the trade union in writing to treat as his postal address, and

(b)be given a convenient opportunity to vote by post;

but where, for the purpose of personal safety, a member of a trade union requests the union in writing to send a voting paper to him by some other means than by post then, in relation to that member, sub-paragraph (a) shall have effect with the substitution for the reference to post of a reference to that other means.

(5) No voting paper which is sent to a person for voting shall have enclosed with it any other document except-

(a)the notice which, under Article 75(1), is to accompany the voting paper,

(b)an addressed envelope, and

(c)a document containing instructions for the return of the voting paper,

without any other statement.

(6) The ballot shall be conducted so as to secure that-

(a)so far as is reasonably practicable, those voting do so in secret, and

(b)the votes given in the ballot are fairly and accurately counted.

For the purposes of sub-paragraph (b) an inaccuracy in counting shall be disregarded if it is accidental and on a scale which could not affect the result of the ballot.

Counting of votes etc. by independent personN.I.

80.-(1) The trade union shall ensure that-

(a)the storage and distribution of the voting papers for the purposes of the ballot, and

(b)the counting of the votes cast in the ballot,

are undertaken by one or more independent persons appointed by the trade union.

(2) A person is an independent person in relation to a ballot if-

(a)he is the scrutineer, or

(b)he is a person other than the scrutineer and the trade union has no grounds for believing either that he will carry out any functions conferred on him in relation to the ballot otherwise than competently or that his independence in relation to the union, or in relation to the ballot, might reasonably be called into question.

(3) An appointment under this Article shall require the person appointed to carry out his functions so as to minimise the risk of any contravention of requirements imposed by or under any statutory provision or the occurrence of any unfairness or malpractice.

(4) The duty of confidentiality as respects the register is incorporated in an appointment under this Article.

(5) Where the person appointed to undertake the counting of votes is not the scrutineer, his appointment shall require him to send the voting papers back to the scrutineer as soon as reasonably practicable after the counting has been completed.

(6) The trade union-

(a)shall ensure that nothing in the terms of an appointment under this Article is such as to make it reasonable for any person to call into question the independence of the person appointed in relation to the union,

(b)shall ensure that a person appointed under this Article duly carries out his functions and that there is no interference with his carrying out of those functions which would make it reasonable for any person to call into question the independence of the person appointed in relation to the union, and

(c)shall comply with all reasonable requests made by a person appointed under this Article for the purposes of, or in connection with, the carrying out of his functions.

Scrutineer's reportN.I.

81.-(1) The scrutineer's report on the ballot shall state-

(a)the number of voting papers distributed for the purposes of the ballot,

(b)the number of voting papers returned to the scrutineer,

(c)the number of valid votes cast in the ballot for and against the resolution,

(d)the number of spoiled or otherwise invalid voting papers returned, and

(e)the name of the person (or of each of the persons) appointed under Article 80 or, if no person was so appointed, that fact.

(2) The report shall also state whether the scrutineer is satisfied-

(a)that there are no reasonable grounds for believing that there was any contravention of a requirement imposed by or under any statutory provision in relation to the ballot,

(b)that the arrangements made (whether by him or any other person) with respect to the production, storage, distribution, return or other handling of the voting papers used in the ballot, and the arrangements for the counting of the votes, included all such security arrangements as were reasonably practicable for the purpose of minimising the risk that any unfairness or malpractice might occur, and

(c)that he has been able to carry out his functions without any such interference as would make it reasonable for any person to call his independence in relation to the union into question;

and if he is not satisfied as to any of those matters, the report shall give particulars of his reasons for not being satisfied as to that matter.

(3) The report shall also state-

(a)whether the scrutineer-

(i)has inspected the register of names and addresses of the members of the trade union, or

(ii)has examined the copy of the register as at the relevant date which is supplied to him in accordance with Article 77(9)(a),

(b)if he has, whether in the case of each inspection or examination he was acting on a request by a member of the trade union or at his own instance,

(c)whether he declined to act on any such request, and

(d)whether any inspection of the register, or any examination of the copy of the register, has revealed any matter which he considers should be drawn to the attention of the trade union in order to assist it in securing that the register is accurate and up-to-date,

but shall not state the name of any member who has requested such an inspection or examination.

(4) Where one or more persons other than the scrutineer are appointed under Article 80, the statement included in the scrutineer's report in accordance with paragraph (2)(b) shall also indicate-

(a)whether he is satisfied with the performance of the person, or each of the persons, so appointed, and

(b)if he is not satisfied with the performance of the person, or any of them, particulars of his reasons for not being so satisfied.

(5) The trade union shall not publish the result of the ballot until it has received the scrutineer's report.

(6) The trade union shall within the period of three months after it receives the report-

(a)send a copy of the report to every member of the union to whom it is reasonably practicable to send such a copy; or

(b)take all such other steps for notifying the contents of the report to the members of the union (whether by publishing the report or otherwise) as it is the practice of the union to take when matters of general interest to all its members need to be brought to their attention.

(7) Any such copy or notification shall be accompanied by a statement that the union will, on request, supply any member of the trade union with a copy of the report, either free of charge or on payment of such reasonable fee as may be specified in the notification.

(8) The trade union shall so supply any member of the union who makes such a request and pays the fee (if any) notified to him.

Registration of instrument of amalgamation or transferN.I.

82.-(1) An instrument of amalgamation or transfer shall not take effect before it has been registered by the Certification Officer under this Part.

(2) It shall not be so registered before the end of the period of six weeks beginning with the date on which an application for its registration is sent to the Certification Officer.

(3) An application for registration of an instrument of amalgamation or transfer shall not be sent to the Certification Officer until Article 81(6) has been complied with in relation to the scrutineer's report on the ballot held on the resolution to approve the instrument.

[F38Listing and certification after amalgamationN.I.

82A.-(1) Paragraph (2) applies if when an instrument of amalgamation is registered by the Certification Officer under this Part each of the amalgamating unions is entered in the list of trade unions.

The Certification Officer shall-

(a)enter, with effect from the amalgamation date, the name of the amalgamated union in the list of trade unions, and

(b)remove, with effect from that date, the names of the amalgamating unions from that list.

Paragraph (4) applies if when an instrument of amalgamation is registered by the Certification Officer under this Part each of the amalgamating unions has a certificate of independence which is in force.

The Certification Officer shall issue to the amalgamated trade union, with effect from the amalgamation date, a certificate that the union is independent.

In this Article "the amalgamation date" means the date on which the instrument of amalgamation takes effect.]

Supply of information by amalgamated unionN.I.

82B.-(1) If an instrument of amalgamation is registered under this Part by the Certification Officer and the amalgamated union is entered in the list of trade unions in accordance with Article 82A, that union shall send to him, in such manner and form as he may require-

(a)a copy of the rules of the union,

(b)a list of its officers, and

(c)the address of its head or main office.

(2) The information required to be sent under paragraph (1) must be accompanied by any fee prescribed for the purpose under Article 89.

(3) The information must be sent-

(a)before the end of the period of six weeks beginning with the date on which the instrument of amalgamation takes effect, or

(b)if the Certification Officer considers that it is not reasonably practicable for the amalgamated union to send it in that period, before the end of such longer period, beginning with that date, as he may specify to the amalgamated union.

(4) If any of paragraphs (1) to (3) are not complied with by the amalgamated union, the Certification Officer shall remove its name from the list of trade unions.F39

Power to alter rules of transferee union for purposes of transferN.I.

83.-(1) Where a trade union proposes to transfer its engagements to another trade union and an alteration of the rules of the transferee union is necessary to give effect to provisions in the instrument of transfer, the executive of that union may by memorandum in writing alter the rules of that union so far as is necessary to give effect to those provisions.

This paragraph does not apply if the rules of the trade union expressly provide that this Article is not to apply to that union.

(2) An alteration of the rules of a trade union under paragraph (1) shall not take effect unless or until the instrument of transfer takes effect.

(3) The provisions of paragraph (1) have effect, where they apply, notwithstanding anything in the rules of the union.

Complaints as regards passing of resolutionN.I.

84.-(1) A member of a trade union who claims that the union-

(a)has failed to comply with any of the requirements of Articles 75 to 81, or

(b)has, in connection with a resolution approving an instrument of amalgamation or transfer, failed to comply with any rule of the union relating to the passing of the resolution,

may complain to the Certification Officer.

(2) Any complaint must be made before the end of the period of six weeks beginning with the date on which an application for registration of the instrument of amalgamation or transfer is sent to the Certification Officer.

Where a complaint is made, the Certification Officer shall not register the instrument before the complaint is finally determined or is withdrawn.

On a complaint being made to him the Certification Officer shall make such enquiries as he thinks fit.]

If the Certification Officer, after giving the complainant and the trade union an opportunity of being heard, finds the complaint to be justified-

(a)he shall make a declaration to that effect, and

(b)he may make an order specifying the steps which must be taken before he will entertain any application to register the instrument of amalgamation or transfer;

and where he makes such an order, he shall not entertain any application to register the instrument unless he is satisfied that the steps specified in the order have been taken.

An order under this paragraph may be varied by the Certification Officer by a further order.

(4) The Certification Officer shall furnish a statement, orally or in writing, of the reasons for his decision on a complaint under this Article.

(5) The validity of a resolution approving an instrument of amalgamation or transfer shall not be questioned in any legal proceedings whatsoever (except proceedings before the Certification Officer under this Article or proceedings arising out of such proceedings) on any ground on which a complaint could be, or could have been, made to the Certification Officer under this Article.

Where the Certification Officer requests a person to furnish information to him in connection with enquiries made by him under this Article, he shall specify the date by which that information is to be furnished and, unless he considers that it would be inappropriate to do so, shall proceed with his determination of the application notwithstanding that the information has not been furnished to him by the specified date.

A declaration made by the Certification Officer under this Article may be relied on as if it were a declaration made by the High Court.

Where an order has been made under this Article, any person who is a member of the union and was a member at the time it was made is entitled to enforce obedience to the order as if he had made the[F41 complaint] on which the order was made.

An order made by the Certification Officer under this Article may be enforced in the same way as an order of the High Court.]

Art. 85 rep. by 1999 NI 9

Transfer of property on amalgamation or transferN.I.

86.-(1) Where an instrument of amalgamation or transfer takes effect, the property held-

(a)for the benefit of any of the amalgamating unions, or for the benefit of a branch or section of any of those unions, by the trustees of the union, branch or section, or

(b)for the benefit of the transferor trade union, or for the benefit of a branch or section of the transferor trade union, by the trustees of the union, branch or section,

shall without any conveyance or assignment vest, on the instrument taking effect, or on the appointment of the appropriate trustees, whichever is the later, in the appropriate trustees.

(2) In the case of property to be held for the benefit of a branch or section of the amalgamated union, or of the transferee union, "the appropriate trustees" means the trustees of that branch or section, unless the rules of the amalgamated or transferee union provide that the property to be so held is to be held by the trustees of the union.

(3) In any other case "the appropriate trustees" means the trustees of the amalgamated or transferee union.

(4) This Article does not apply-

(a)to property excepted from the operation of this Article by the instrument of amalgamation or transfer, or

(b)to stocks and securities in the public funds of the United Kingdom or Northern Ireland.

Amalgamation or transfer involving Great Britain unionN.I.

87.-(1) This Part has effect subject to the following modifications in the case of an amalgamation or transfer of engagements to which a trade union and a Great Britain union are Party.

(2) The requirements of Articles 74 to 81 and 82(3) (approval of instrument; notice to members and ballot on resolution) do not apply in relation to the Great Britain union; but the Certification Officer shall not register the instrument under Article 82 unless he is satisfied that it will be effective under the law of Great Britain.

(3) The instrument of amalgamation or transfer submitted to the Certification Officer for his approval under Article 74 shall state which of the bodies concerned is a Great Britain union and, in the case of an amalgamation, whether the amalgamated body is to be a Great Britain union; and the Certification Officer shall withhold his approval if the instrument does not contain that information.

(4) Nothing in Article 83 (alteration of rules) or Articles 84 and 85 (complaint as to passing of resolution) applies in relation to the Great Britain union.

(5) Subject to the exceptions specified above, the provisions of this Part as to amalgamations or transfers of engagements apply in relation to the Great Britain union.

(6) Except as provided by this Article, this Part applies only to a trade union which has its head or main office in Northern Ireland.

Change of nameN.I.

Change of name of trade unionN.I.

88.-(1) A trade union may change its name by any method expressly provided for by its rules or, if its rules do not expressly provide for a method of doing so, by adopting in accordance with its rules an alteration of the provision in them which gives the union its name.

(2) If the name of the trade union is entered in the list of trade unions under Article 5 of the 1992 Order a change of name shall not take effect until approved by the Certification Officer.

(3) The Certification Officer shall not approve a change of name if it appears to him that the proposed new name-

(a)is the same as one entered in either of the lists under that Article as the name of another trade union or employers' association, or

(b)is a name so nearly resembling such a name as to be likely to deceive the public.

(4) A change of name by a trade union does not affect any right or obligation of the union or any of its members; and any pending legal proceedings may be continued by or against the union, the trustees of the union or any other officer of the union who can sue or be sued on its behalf notwithstanding its change of name.

SupplementaryN.I.

General power to make regulationsN.I.

89.-(1) The Department may make regulations as respects-

(a)applications to the Certification Officer under this Part,

(b)the registration under this Part of any document or matter,

(c)the inspection of documents kept by the Certification Officer under this Part,

(d)the charging of fees in respect of such matters, and of such amounts, as may with the approval of the Department of Finance and Personnel be prescribed by the regulations,

and generally for carrying this Part into effect.

(2) Provision may in particular be made-

(a)requiring an application for the registration of an instrument of amalgamation or transfer, or of a change of name, to be accompanied by such statutory declarations or other documents as may be specified in the regulations;

(b)as to the form or content of any document required by this Part, or by the regulations, to be sent or submitted to the Certification Officer and as to the manner in which any such document is to be signed or authenticated;

(c)authorising the Certification Officer to require notice to be given or published in such manner as he may direct of the fact that an application for registration of an instrument of amalgamation or transfer has been or is to be made to him.

Application of Part VI to employers' associationsN.I.

90.-(1) Subject to paragraph (2), this Part applies in relation to unincorporated employers' associations as it applies in relation to trade unions.

(2) In its application to such associations this Part shall have effect-

(a)as if in Article 75 (1) for the words from "that every" to "accompanied by" there were substituted the words "that not less than 7 days before the ballot on the resolution to approve the instrument of amalgamation or transfer is held, every member is supplied with",

(b)as if the requirements imposed by Articles 77 to 81 consisted only of those specified in Articles 78 and 79 (1) and (3) (a) together with the requirement that every member must, so far as is reasonably possible, be given a fair opportunity of voting,

[F42(ba)as if the references in Articles 82A and 82B to the list of trade unions were to the list of employers' associations, and]

(c)with the omission of Article 82(3)[F42, 82A(3) and (4)][F43 and 84(2A) and (6) to (9)].

[F44PART VIAN.I.BREACH OF RULES

Right to apply to Certification OfficerN.I.

90A.-(1) A person who claims that there has been a breach or threatened breach of the rules of a trade union relating to any of the matters mentioned in paragraph (2) may apply to the Certification Officer for a declaration to that effect, subject to paragraphs (3) to (7).

The matters are-

(a)the appointment or election of a person to, or the removal of a person from, any office;

(b)disciplinary proceedings by the union (including expulsion);

(c)the balloting of members on any issue other than industrial action;

(d)the constitution or proceedings of any executive committee or of any decision-making meeting;

(e)such other matters as may be specified in an order made by the Department.

The applicant must be a member of the union, or have been one at the time of the alleged breach or threatened breach.

A person may not apply under paragraph(1) in relation to a claim if he is entitled to apply under Article 55 in relation to the claim.

No application may be made regarding-

(a)the dismissal of an employee of the union;

(b)disciplinary proceedings against an employee of the union.

An application must be made-

(a)within the period of six months starting with the day on which the breach or threatened breach is alleged to have taken place, or

(b)if within that period any internal complaints procedure of the union is invoked to resolve the claim, within the period of six months starting with the earlier of the days specified in paragraph (7).

Those days are-

(a)the day on which the procedure is concluded, and

(b)the last day of the period of one year beginning with the day on which the procedure is invoked.

The reference in paragraph (1) to the rules of a union includes references to the rules of any branch or section of the union.

In paragraph (2)(c) "industrial action" means a strike or other industrial action by persons employed under contracts of employment.

For the purposes of paragraph (2)(d) a committee is an executive committee if-

(a)it is a committee of the union concerned and has power to make executive decisions on behalf of the union or on behalf of a constituent body,

(b)it is a committee of a major constituent body and has power to make executive decisions on behalf of that body, or

(c)it is a sub-committee of a committee falling within sub-paragraph (a) or (b).

For the purposes of paragraph (2)(d) a decision-making meeting is-

(a)a meeting of members of the union concerned (or the representatives of such members) which has power to make a decision on any matter which, under the rules of the union, is final as regards the union or which, under the rules of the union or a constituent body, is final as regards that body, or

(b)a meeting of members of a major constituent body (or the representatives of such members) which has power to make a decision on any matter which, under the rules of the union or the body, is final as regards that body.

For the purposes of paragraphs (10) and (11), in relation to the trade union concerned-

(a)a constituent body is any body which forms part of the union, including a branch, group, section or region;

(b)a major constituent body is such a body which has more than 1,000 members.

No order shall be made under paragraph (2)(e) unless a draft of it has been laid before and approved by resolution of the Assembly.

If a person applies to the Certification Officer under this Article in relation to an alleged breach or threatened breach he may not apply to the High Court in relation to the breach or threatened breach; but nothing in this paragraph shall prevent such a person from exercising any right to appeal against or challenge the Certification Officer's decision on the application to him.

If-

(a)a person applies to the High Court in relation to an alleged breach or threatened breach, and

(b)the breach or threatened breach is one in relation to which he could have made an application to the Certification Officer under this Article,

he may not apply to the Certification Officer under this Article in relation to the breach or threatened breach.

Declarations and ordersN.I.

90B.-(1) The Certification Officer may refuse to accept an application under Article 90A unless he is satisfied that the applicant has taken all reasonable steps to resolve the claim by the use of any internal complaints procedure of the union.

If he accepts an application under Article 90A the Certification Officer-

(a)shall make such enquiries as he thinks fit,

(b)shall give the applicant and the union an opportunity to be heard,

(c)shall ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, the application is determined within six months of being made,

(d)may make or refuse the declaration asked for, and

(e)shall, whether he makes or refuses the declaration, give reasons for his decision in writing.

Where the Certification Officer makes a declaration he shall also, unless he considers that to do so would be inappropriate, make an enforcement order, that is, an order imposing on the union one or both of the following requirements-

(a)to take such steps to remedy the breach, or withdraw the threat of a breach, as may be specified in the order;

(b)to abstain from such acts as may be so specified with a view to securing that a breach or threat of the same or a similar kind does not occur in future.

The Certification Officer shall in an order imposing any such requirement as is mentioned in paragraph (3)(a) specify the period within which the union is to comply with the requirement.

Where the Certification Officer requests a person to furnish information to him in connection with enquiries made by him under this Article, he shall specify the date by which that information is to be furnished and, unless he considers that it would be inappropriate to do so, shall proceed with his determination of the application notwithstanding that the information has not been furnished to him by the specified date.

A declaration made by the Certification Officer under this Article may be relied on as if it were a declaration made by the High Court.

Where an enforcement order has been made, any person who is a member of the union and was a member at the time it was made is entitled to enforce obedience to the order as if he had made the application on which the order was made.

An enforcement order made by the Certification Officer under this Article may be enforced in the same way as an order of the High Court.

An order under Article 90A(2)(e) may provide that, in relation to an application under Article 90A with regard to a prescribed matter, the preceding provisions of this Article shall apply with such omissions or modifications as may be specified in the order; and a prescribed matter is such matter specified under Article 90A(2)(e) as is prescribed under this paragraph.F45]

N.I.

Part VII rep. by 1999 NI 9

PART VIIIN.I.INDUSTRIAL ACTION

Protection of acts in contemplation or furtherance of trade disputeN.I.

Protection from certain tort liabilitiesN.I.

97.-(1) An act done by a person in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute is not actionable in tort on the ground only-

(a)that it induces another person to break a contract or interferes or induces another person to interfere with its performance; or

(b)that it consists in his threatening that a contract (whether one to which he is a party or not) will be broken or its performance interfered with, or that he will induce another person to break a contract or interfere with its performance.

(2) An agreement or combination by two or more persons to do or procure the doing of an act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute is not actionable in tort if the act is one which if done without any such agreement or combination would not be actionable in tort.

(3) Nothing in paragraphs (1) and (2) prevents an act done in the course of picketing from being actionable in tort unless it is done in the course of attendance declared lawful by Article 98 (peaceful picketing).

(4) Paragraphs (1) and (2) have effect subject to Articles 100 to 103 (action excluded from protection) and to Articles 104 (requirement of ballot before action by trade union) and 118 (requirement of notice to employer of industrial action); and in those Articles "not protected" means excluded from the protection afforded by this Article or, where the expression is used with reference to a particular person, excluded from that protection as respects that person.

Peaceful picketingN.I.

98.-(1) It is lawful for a person in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute to attend-

(a)at or near his own place of work, or

(b)if he is an official of a trade union, at or near the place of work of a member of the union whom he is accompanying and whom he represents,

for the purpose only of peacefully obtaining or communicating information,or peacefully persuading any person to work or abstain from working.

(2) If a person works or normally works-

(a)otherwise than at any one place, or

(b)at a place the location of which is such that attendance there for a purpose mentioned in paragraph (1) is impracticable,

his place of work for the purposes of that paragraph shall be any premises of his employer from which he works or from which his work is administered.

(3) In the case of a worker not in employment where-

(a)his last employment was terminated in connection with a trade dispute; or

(b)the termination of his employment was one of the circumstances giving rise to a trade dispute,

in relation to that dispute his former place of work shall be treated for the purposes of paragraph (1) as being his place of work.

(4) A person who is an official of a trade union by virtue only of having been elected or appointed to be a representative of some of the members of the union shall be regarded for the purposes of paragraph (1) as representing only those members; but otherwise an official of a union shall be regarded for those purposes as representing all its members.

Restrictions on grant of injunctionsN.I.

99.-(1) Where-

(a)an application for an injunction is made to a court in the absence of the party against whom it is sought or any representative of his, and

(b)he claims, or in the opinion of the court would be likely to claim, that he acted in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute,

the court shall not grant the injunction unless satisfied that all steps which in the circumstances were reasonable have been taken with a view to securing that notice of the application and an opportunity of being heard with respect to the application have been given to him.

(2) Where-

(a)an application for an interlocutory injunction is made to a court pending the trial of an action, and

(b)the party against whom it is sought claims that he acted in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute,

the court shall, in exercising its discretion whether or not to grant the injunction, have regard to the likelihood of that party's succeeding at the trial of the action in establishing any matter which would afford a defence to the action under Article 97 (protection from certain tort liabilities) or Article 98 (peaceful picketing).

Action excluded from protectionN.I.

Action to enforce trade union membershipN.I.

100.-(1) An act is not protected if the reason, or one of the reasons, for which it is done is the fact or belief that a particular employer-

(a)is employing, has employed or might employ a person who is not a member of a trade union, or

(b)is failing, has failed or might fail to discriminate against such a person.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b) an employer discriminates against a person if, but only if, he ensures that his conduct in relation to-

(a)persons, or persons of any description, employed by him, or who apply to be, or are, considered by him for employment, or

(b)the provision of employment for such persons,

is different, in some or all cases, according to whether or not they are members of a trade union, and is more favourable to those who are.

(3) An act is not protected if it constitutes, or is one of a number of acts which together constitute, an inducement or attempted inducement of a person-

(a)to incorporate in a contract to which that person is a party, or a proposed contract to which he intends to be a party, a term or condition which is or would be void by virtue of Article 27(1) of the 1992 Order (union membership requirement in contract for goods or services), or

(b)to contravene Article 27(2) of that Order (refusal to deal with person on grounds relating to union membership).

(4) References in this Article to an employer employing a person are to a person acting in the capacity of the person for whom a worker works or normally works.

(5) References in this Article to not being a member of a trade union are to not being a member of any trade union, of a particular trade union or of one of a number of particular trade unions.

Any such reference includes a reference to not being a member of a particular branch or section of a trade union or of one of a number of particular branches or sections of a trade union.

Action taken because of dismissal for taking unofficial actionN.I.

101. An act is not protected if the reason, or one of the reasons, for doing it is the fact or belief that an employer has dismissed one or more employees in circumstances such that by virtue of Article 23A of the No. 1 Order (dismissal in connection with unofficial action) they have no right to complain of unfair dismissal.

Secondary actionN.I.

102.-(1) An act is not protected if one of the facts relied on for the purpose of establishing liability is that there has been secondary action which is not lawful picketing.

(2) There is secondary action in relation to a trade dispute when, and only when, a person-

(a)induces another to break a contract of employment or interferes or induces another to interfere with its performance, or

(b)threatens that a contract of employment under which he or another is employed will be broken or its performance interfered with, or that he will induce another to break a contract of employment or to interfere with its performance,

and the employer under the contract of employment is not the employer party to the dispute.

(3) Lawful picketing means acts done in the course of such attendance as is declared lawful by Article 98 (peaceful picketing)-

(a)by a worker employed (or, in the case of a worker not in employment, last employed) by the employer party to the dispute, or

(b)by a trade union official whose attendance is lawful by virtue of paragraph (1)(b) of that Article.

(4) For the purposes of this Article an employer shall not be treated as party to a dispute between another employer and workers of that employer; and where more than one employer is in dispute with his workers, the dispute between each employer and his workers shall be treated as a separate dispute,

In this paragraph "worker" has the same meaning as in Article 127 (meaning of "trade dispute" ).

(5) An act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute which is primary action in relation to that dispute may not be relied on as secondary action in relation to another trade dispute.

Primary action means such action as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) or (b) of paragraph (2) where the employer under the contract of employment is the employer party to the dispute.

(6) In this article "contract of employment" includes any contract under which one person personally does work or performs services for another, and related expressions shall be construed accordingly.

Pressure to impose union recognition requirementN.I.

103.-(1) An act is not protected if it constitutes, or is one of a number of acts which together constitute, an inducement or attempted inducement of a person-

(a)to incorporate in a contract to which that person is a party, or a proposed contract to which he intends to be a party, a term or condition which is or would be void by virtue of Article 28(1) of the 1992 Order (recognition requirement in contract for goods or services); or

(b)to contravene Article 28(2) of that Order (refusal to deal with person on grounds of union exclusion).

(2) An act is not protected if-

(a)it interferes with the supply (whether or not under a contract) of goods or services, or can reasonably be expected to have that effect, and

(b)one of the facts relied upon for the purpose of establishing liability is that a person has-

(i)induced another to break a contract of employment or interfered or induced another to interfere with its performance; or

(ii)threatened that a contract of employment under which he or another is employed will be broken or its performance interfered with, or that he will induce another to break a contract of employment or to interfere with its performance; and

(c)the reason, or one of the reasons, for doing the act is the fact or belief that the supplier (not being the employer under the contract of employment mentioned in sub-paragraph (b)) does not, or might not-

(i)recognise one or more trade unions for the purpose of negotiating on behalf of workers, or any class of worker, employed by him, or

(ii)negotiate or consult with, or with an official of, one or more trade unions.

Requirement of ballot before action by trade unionN.I.

Requirement of ballot before action by trade unionN.I.

104.-(1) An act done by a trade union to induce a person to take part, or continue to take part, in industrial action-

(a)is not protected unless the industrial action has the support of a ballot; and

(b)where Article '105 falls to be complied with in relation to the person's employer, is not protected as respects the employer unless the trade union has complied with Article 105 in relation to him.

In this Article "the relevant time", in relation to an act by a trade union to induce a person to take part, or continue to take part, in industrial action, means the time at which proceedings are commenced in respect of the act.

(2) Industrial action shall be regarded as having the support of a ballot only if-

(a)the requirements set out in paragraph (3) are satisfied; or

(b)in the case of industrial action involving members of a trade union both in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, had the action taken place in Great Britain it would be regarded for the purposes of section 226 of the Great Britain Act as having the support of a ballot.

(3) The requirements mentioned in paragraph (1)(a) are-

(a)the union has held a ballot in respect of the action-

(i)in relation to which the requirements of Article 106 so far as applicable before and during the holding of the ballot were satisfied;

(ii)in relation to which the requirements of Articles 108 to[F46 112] were satisfied; and

(iii)in which the majority voting in the ballot answered "Yes" to the question applicable in accordance with Article 110(3) to industrial action of the kind to which the act of inducement relates;

(b)such of the requirements of the following Articles as have fallen to be satisfied at the relevant time have been satisfied, namely-

(i)Article 106 so far as applicable after the holding of the ballot; and

(ii)Article 114;

[F46(bb)Article 115A does not prevent the industrial action from being regarded as having the support of the ballot; and]

(c)the requirements of Article 116 (calling of industrial action with support of ballot) are satisfied.

Any reference in this paragraph to a requirement of a provision which is disapplied or modified by Article 115 has effect subject to that Article.

(4) Where separate workplace ballots are held by virtue of Article[F46 109(3)]

(a)industrial action shall be regarded as having the support of a ballot if the conditions specified in paragraph (2) are satisfied, and

(b)the trade union shall be taken to have complied with the requirements relating to a ballot imposed by Article 105 if those requirements are complied with,

in relation to the ballot for the place of work of the person induced to take part, or continue to take part, in the industrial action.

If the requirements of Article 113 fall to be satisfied in relation to an employer, as respects that employer industrial action shall not be regarded as having the support of a ballot unless those requirements are satisfied in relation to that employer.]

For the purposes of this Article an inducement, in relation to a person, includes an inducement which is or would be ineffective, whether because of his unwillingness to be influenced by it or for any other reason.

Notice of ballot and sample voting paper for employersN.I.

105.-(1) The trade union must take such steps as are reasonably necessary to ensure that-

(a)not later than the seventh day before the opening day of the ballot, the notice specified in paragraph (2), and

(b)not later than the third day before the opening day of the ballot, the sample voting paper specified in[F47 paragraph (2F)],

is received by every person who it is reasonable for the union to believe (at the latest time when steps could be taken to comply with sub-paragraph (a)) will be the employer of persons who will be entitled to vote in the ballot.

(2) The notice referred to in sub-paragraph (a) of paragraph (1) is a notice in writing-

(a)stating that the union intends to hold the ballot,

(b)specifying the date which the union reasonably believes will be the opening day of the ballot, and

[F48(c)containing-

(i)the lists mentioned in paragraph (2A) and the figures mentioned in paragraph (2B), together with an explanation of how those figures were arrived at, or

(ii)where some or all of the employees concerned are employees from whose wages the employer makes deductions representing payments to the union, either those lists and figures and that explanation or the information mentioned in paragraph (2C).]

The lists are-

(a)a list of the categories of employee to which the employees concerned belong, and

(b)a list of the workplaces at which the employees concerned work.

The figures are-

(a)the total number of employees concerned,

(b)the number of the employees concerned in each of the categories in the list mentioned in paragraph (2A)(a), and

(c)the number of the employees concerned who work at each workplace in the list mentioned in paragraph (2A)(b).

The information referred to in paragraph (2)(c)(ii) is such information as will enable the employer readily to deduce-

(a)the total number of employees concerned,

(b)the categories of employee to which the employees concerned belong and the number of the employees concerned in each of those categories, and

(c)the workplaces at which the employees concerned work and the number of them who work at each of those workplaces.

The lists and figures supplied under this Article, or the information mentioned in paragraph (2C) that is so supplied, must be as accurate as is reasonably practicable in the light of the information in the possession of the union at the time when it complies with paragraph (1)(a).

For the purposes of paragraph (2D) information is in the possession of the union if it is held, for union purposes-

(a)in a document, whether in electronic form or any other form, and

(b)in the possession or under the control of an officer or employee of the union.

The sample voting paper referred to in sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph (1) is-

(a)a sample of the form of voting paper which is to be sent to the employees concerned, or

(b)where the employees concerned are not all to be sent the same form of voting paper, a sample of each form of voting paper which is to be sent to any of them.

Nothing in this Article requires a union to supply an employer with the names of the employees concerned.

In this Article references to the "employees concerned" are references to those employees of the employer in question who the union reasonably believes will be entitled to vote in the ballot.

For the purposes of this Article, the workplace at which an employee works is-

(a)in relation to an employee who works at or from a single set of premises, those premises, and

(b)in relation to any other employee, the premises with which his employment has the closest connection.]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4) In this Article references to the opening day of the ballot are references to the first day when a voting paper is sent to any person entitled to vote in the ballot.

(5) This Article, in its application to a ballot in which merchant seamen to whom Article 111(3) applies are entitled to vote, shall have effect with the substitution in[F51 paragraph (2F)], for references to the voting paper which is to be sent to the employees, of references to the voting paper which is to be sent or otherwise provided to them.

Appointment of independent scrutineerN.I.

106.-(1) The trade union shall, before the ballot in respect of the industrial action is held, appoint a qualified person ( "the scrutineer") whose terms of appointment shall require him to carry out in relation to the ballot the functions of-

(a)taking such steps as appear to him to be appropriate for the purpose of enabling him to make a report to the trade union (see Article 114); and

(b)making the report as soon as reasonably practicable after the date of the ballot and, in any event, not later than the end of the period of four weeks beginning with that date.

(2) A person is a qualified person in relation to a ballot if-

(a)he satisfies such conditions as may be specified for the purposes of this Article by order of the Department or is himself so specified; and

(b)the trade union has no grounds for believing either that he will carry out the functions conferred on him under paragraph (1) otherwise than competently or that his independence in relation to the union, or in relation to the ballot, might reasonably be called into question.

(3) The trade union shall ensure that the scrutineer duly carries out the functions conferred on him under paragraph (1) and that there is no interference with the carrying out of those functions from the union or any of its members, officials or employees.

(4) The trade union shall comply with all reasonable requests made by the scrutineer for the purposes of, or in connection with, the carrying out of those functions.

Exclusion for small ballotsN.I.

107. Nothing in Article 106, Article 110(2)(a) or Article 114 shall impose a requirement on a trade union unless-

(a)the number of members entitled to vote in the ballot, or

(b)where separate workplace ballots are held in accordance with Article 109(1), the aggregate of the number of members entitled to vote in each of them,

exceeds 50.

Entitlement to voteN.I.

108.-(1) Entitlement to vote in the ballot must be accorded equally to all the members of the trade union who it is reasonable at the time of the ballot for the union to believe will be induced[F52 by the union] to take part or, as the case may be, to continue to take part in the industrial action in question, and to no others.

Para. (2) rep. by 1999 NI 9

[F53Separate workplace ballotsN.I.

109.-(1) Subject to paragraph (2), this Article applies if the members entitled to vote in a ballot by virtue of Article 108 do not all have the same workplace.

This Article does not apply if the union reasonably believes that all those members have the same workplace.

Subject to Article 109A, a separate ballot shall be held for each workplace; and entitlement to vote in each ballot shall be accorded equally to, and restricted to, members of the union who-

(a)are entitled to vote by virtue of Article 108; and

(b)have that workplace.

In this Article and Article 109A "workplace" in relation to a person who is employed means-

(a)if the person works at or from a single set of premises, those premises; and

(b)in any other case, the premises with which the person's employment has the closest connection.]

Separate workplaces: single and aggregate ballotsN.I.

109A.-(1) Where Article 109(3) would require separate ballots to be held for each workplace, a ballot may be held in place of some or all of the separate ballots if one of paragraphs (2) to (4) is satisfied in relation to it.

(2) This paragraph is satisfied in relation to a ballot if the workplace of each member entitled to vote in the ballot is the workplace of at least one member of the union who is affected by the dispute.

(3) This paragraph is satisfied in relation to a ballot if entitlement to vote is accorded to, and limited to, all the members of the union who-

(a)according to the union's reasonable belief have an occupation of a particular kind or have any of a number of particular kinds of occupation; and

(b)are employed by a particular employer, or by any of a number of particular employers, with whom the union is in dispute.

(4) This paragraph is satisfied in relation to a ballot if entitlement to vote is accorded to, and limited to, all the members of the union who are employed by a particular employer, or by any of a number of particular employers, with whom the union is in dispute.

(5) For the purposes of paragraph (2) the following are members of the union affected by a dispute-

(a)if the dispute relates (wholly or partly) to a decision which the union reasonably believes the employer has made or will make concerning a matter specified in paragraph (1)(a), (b) or (c) of Article 127 (meaning of "trade dispute"), members whom the decision directly affects;

(b)if the dispute relates (wholly or partly) to a matter specified in paragraph (1)(d) of that Article, members whom the matter directly affects;

(c)if the dispute relates (wholly or partly) to a matter specified in paragraph (1)(e) of that Article, persons whose membership or non-membership is in dispute;

(d)if the dispute relates (wholly or partly) to a matter specified in paragraph (1)(f) of that Article, officials of the union who have used or would use the facilities concerned in the dispute.F54

VotingN.I.

110.-(1) The method of voting in a ballot must be by the marking of a voting paper by the person voting.

(2) Each voting paper must-

(a)state the name of the independent scrutineer,

(b)clearly specify the address to which, and the date by which, it is to be returned,

(c)be given one of a series of consecutive whole numbers every one of which is used in giving a different number in that series to each voting paper printed or otherwise produced for the purposes of the ballot, and

(d)be marked with its number.

This paragraph, in its application to a ballot in which merchant seamen to whom Article 111(3) applies are entitled to vote, shall have effect with the substitution, for the reference to the address to which the voting paper is to be returned, of a reference to the ship to which the seamen belong.

(3) The voting paper must contain at least one of the following questions-

(a)a question (however framed) which requires the person answering it to say, by answering "Yes" or "No", whether he is prepared to take part or, as the case may be, to continue to take part in a strike;

(b)a question (however framed) which requires the person answering it to say, by answering "Yes" or "No", whether he is prepared to take part or, as the case may be, to continue to take part in industrial action short of a strike.

For the purposes of paragraph (3) an overtime ban and a call-out ban constitute industrial action short of a strike.]

The voting paper must specify who, in the event of a vote in favour of industrial action, is authorised for the purposes of Article 116 to call upon members to take part or continue to take part in the industrial action.

The person or description of persons so specified need not be authorised under the rules of the union but must be within Article 21(2) of the 1992 Order (persons for whose acts the union is taken to be responsible).

(5) The following statement must (without being qualified or commented upon by anything else on the voting paper) appear on every voting paper-

"If you take part in a strike or other industrial action, you may be in breach of your contract of employment.

[F55However, if you are dismissed for taking part in strike or other industrial action which is called officially and is otherwise lawful, the dismissal will be unfair if it takes place fewer than[F56 12] weeks after you started taking part in the action, and depending on the circumstances may be unfair if it takes place later." .]

Conduct of ballotN.I.

111.-(1) Every person who is entitled to vote in the ballot must-

(a)be allowed to vote without interference from, or constraint imposed by, the union or any of its members, officials or employees; and

(b)so far as is reasonably practicable, be enabled to do so without incurring any direct cost to himself.

(2) Except as regards persons falling within paragraph (3), so far as is reasonably practicable, every person who is entitled to vote in the ballot must-

(a)have a voting paper sent to him by post at his home address or any other address which he has requested the trade union in writing to treat as his postal address; and

(b)be given a convenient opportunity to vote by post;

but where, for the purpose of personal safety, a member of a trade union requests the union in writing to send a voting paper to him by some means other than by post then, in relation to that member, sub-paragraph(a)shall have effect with the substitution for the reference to post of a reference to that other means.

Paragraph (4) applies to a merchant seaman if the trade union reasonably believes that-

(a)he will be employed in a ship either at sea or at a place outside Northern Ireland at some time in the period during which votes may be cast; and

(b)it will be convenient for him to receive a voting paper and to vote while on the ship or while at a place where the ship is rather than in accordance with paragraph (2).

Where this paragraph applies to a merchant seaman he shall, if it is reasonably practicable-

(a)have a voting paper made available to him while on the ship or while at a place where the ship is; and

(b)be given an opportunity to vote while on the ship or while at a place where the ship is.]

In paragraphs (3) and (4) "merchant seaman" means a person whose employment, or the greater part of it, is carried out on board sea-going ships.

(6) A ballot shall be conducted so as to secure that-

(a)so far as is reasonably practicable, those voting do so in secret, and

(b)the votes given in the ballot are fairly and accurately counted.

For the purposes of sub-paragraph (b) an inaccuracy in counting shall be disregarded if it is accidental and on a scale which could not affect the result of the ballot.

Information as to result of ballotN.I.

112. As soon as reasonably practicable after the holding of the ballot, the trade union shall take such steps as are reasonably necessary to ensure that all persons entitled to vote in the ballot are informed of the number of-

(a)votes cast in the ballot,

(b)individuals answering "Yes" to the question, or as the case may be, to each question,

(c)individuals answering "No" to the question, or, as the case may be, to each question, and

(d)spoiled voting papers.

Employers to be informed of ballot resultN.I.

113.-(1) As soon as reasonably practicable after the holding of the ballot, the trade union shall take such steps as are reasonably necessary to ensure that every relevant employer is informed of the matters mentioned in Article 112.

(2) In paragraph (1) "relevant employer" means a person who it is reasonable for the trade union to believe (at the time when the steps are taken) was at the time of the ballot the employer of any persons entitled to vote.

Scrutineer's reportN.I.

114.-(1) The scrutineer's report on the ballot shall state whether the scrutineer is satisfied-

(a)that there are no reasonable grounds for believing that there was any contravention of a requirement imposed by or under any statutory provision in relation to the ballot,

(b)that the arrangements made with respect to the production, storage, distribution, return or other handling of the voting papers used in the ballot, and the arrangements for the counting of the votes, included all such security arrangements as were reasonably practicable for the purpose of minimising the risk that any unfairness or malpractice might occur, and

(c)that he has been able to carry out the functions conferred on him under Article 106(1) without any interference from the trade union or any of its members, officials or employees;

and if he is not satisfied as to any of those matters, the report shall give particulars of his reason for not being satisfied as to that matter.

(2) If at any time within six months from the date of the ballot-

(a)any person entitled to vote in the ballot, or

(b)the employer of any such person,

requests a copy of the scrutineer's report, the trade union must, as soon as practicable, provide him with one either free of charge or on payment of such reasonable fee as may be specified by the trade union.

Overseas membersN.I.

115.-(1) A trade union which has overseas members may choose whether or not to accord any of those members entitlement to vote in a ballot; and nothing in Article 106 to 111 and 114 applies in relation to an overseas member or a vote cast by such a member.

(2) Where overseas members have voted in the ballot-

(a)the references in Articles 112 and 113 to persons entitled to vote in the ballot do not include overseas members, and

(b)those Articles shall be read as requiring the information mentioned in Article 112 to distinguish between overseas members and other members.

(3) An "overseas member" of a trade union means a member (other than a merchant seaman or offshore worker) who is outside Northern Ireland throughout the period during which votes may be cast.

For this purpose-

"merchant seaman" means a person whose employment, or the greater part of it, is carried out on board sea-going ships; and

"offshore worker" means a person in offshore employment, other than one who is in such employment in an area where the law of England and Wales or Scotland applies.

(4) A member who throughout the period during which votes may be cast is in Great Britain shall not be treated as an overseas member-

(a)where the ballot is one to which Article 109(1) or (2) applies (workplace ballots) and his place of work is in Northern Ireland, or

(b)where the ballot is one to which Article 109(3) applies (general ballots) and relates to industrial action involving members both in Great Britain and in Northern Ireland.

(5) In relation to offshore employment the references in paragraph (4) to Northern Ireland include any area where the law of Northern Ireland applies and the references to Great Britain include any area where the law of England and Wales or Scotland applies.

[F58Inducement of member denied entitlement to voteN.I.

Industrial action shall not be regarded as having the support of a ballot if the following conditions apply in the case of any person-

(a)he was a member of the trade union at the time when the ballot was held;

(b)it was reasonable at that time for the trade union to believe he would be induced to take part or, as the case may be, to continue to take part in the industrial action;

(c)he was not accorded entitlement to vote in the ballot; and

(d)he was induced by the trade union to take part or, as the case may be, to continue to take part in the industrial action.]

[F59Small accidental failures to be disregardedN.I.

115B.-(1) If-

(a)in relation to a ballot there is a failure (or there are failures) to comply with a provision mentioned in paragraph (2) or with more than one of those provisions; and

(b)the failure is accidental and on a scale which is unlikely to affect the result of the ballot or, as the case may be, the failures are accidental and taken together are on a scale which is unlikely to affect the result of the ballot,

the failure (or failures) shall be disregarded[F60 for all purposes (including, in particular, those of Article 115A(c))].

The provisions are Article 108(1), Article 111(2) and Article 111(4).]

Calling of industrial action with support of ballotN.I.

116.-(1) Industrial action shall not be regarded as having the support of a ballot unless it is called by a specified person and the conditions specified below are satisfied.

(2) A "specified person" means a person specified or of a description specified in the voting paper for the ballot in accordance with Article 110(4).

(3) The conditions are that-

(a)there must have been no call by the trade union to take part or continue to take part in industrial action to which the ballot relates, or any authorisation or endorsement by the union of any such industrial action, before the date of the ballot;

(b)there must be a call for industrial action by a specified person, and industrial action to which it relates must[F61 begin], before the ballot ceases to be effective in accordance with Article 117.

(4) For the purposes of this Article a call shall be taken to have been made by a trade union if it was authorised or endorsed by the union; and the provisions of Article 21(2) to (4) of the 1992 Order apply for the purpose of determining whether a call, or industrial action, is to be taken to have been so authorised or endorsed.

Period after which ballot ceases to be effectiveN.I.

117.-[F62(1) Subject to the following provisions, a ballot ceases to be effective for the purposes of Article 116(3)(b) in relation to industrial action by members of a trade union at the end of the period, beginning with the date of the ballot-

(a)of four weeks; or

(b)of such longer duration not exceeding eight weeks as is agreed between the union and the members' employer.]

Where for the whole or part of that period the calling or organising of industrial action is prohibited-

(a)by virtue of a court order which subsequently lapses or is discharged, recalled or set aside, or

(b)by virtue of an undertaking given to a court by any person from which he is subsequently released or by which he ceases to be bound,

the trade union may apply to the court for an order that the period during which the prohibition had effect shall not count towards the period referred to in paragraph (1).

(3) The application must be made forthwith upon the prohibition ceasing to have effect-

(a)to the court by virtue of whose decision it ceases to have effect, or

(b)where an order lapses or an undertaking ceases to bind without any such decision, to the court by which the order was made or to which the undertaking was given;

and no application may be made after the end of the period of eight weeks beginning with the date of the ballot.

(4) The court shall not make an order if it appears to the court-

(a)that the result of the ballot no longer represents the views of the union members concerned, or

(b)that an event is likely to occur as a result of which those members would vote against industrial action if another ballot were to be held.

(5) No appeal lies from the decision of the court to make or refuse an order under this Article.

(6) The period between the making of an application under this Article and its determination does not count towards the period referred to in paragraph (1).

But a ballot shall not by virtue of this paragraph (together with any order of the court) be regarded as effective for the purposes of Article 116(3)(b) after the end of the period of twelve weeks beginning with the date of the ballot.

Notice to employers of industrial actionN.I.

118.-(1) An act done by a trade union to induce a person to take part, or continue to take part, in industrial action is not protected as respects his employer unless the union has taken or takes such steps as are reasonably necessary to ensure that the employer receives within the appropriate period a relevant notice covering the act.

(2) Paragraph (1) imposes a requirement in the case of an employer only if it is reasonable for the union to believe, at the latest time when steps could be taken to ensure that he receives such a notice, that he is the employer of persons who will be or have been induced to take part, or continue to take part, in the industrial action.

(3) For the purposes of this Article a relevant notice is a notice in writing which-

[F63(a)contains-

(i)the lists mentioned in paragraph (3A) and the figures mentioned in paragraph (3B), together with an explanation of how those figures were arrived at, or

(ii)where some or all of the affected employees are employees from whose wages the employer makes deductions representing payments to the union, either those lists and figures and that explanation or the information mentioned in paragraph (3C); and]

(b)states whether industrial action is intended to be continuous or discontinuous and specifies-

(i)where it is to be continuous, the intended date for any of the affected employees to begin to take part in the action,

(ii)where it is to be discontinuous, the intended dates for any of the affected employees to take part in the action,F64. . .

(c). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The lists referred to in paragraph (3)(a) are-

(a)a list of the categories of employee to which the affected employees belong, and

(b)a list of the workplaces at which the affected employees work.

The figures referred to in paragraph (3)(a) are-

(a)the total number of the affected employees,

(b)the number of the affected employees in each of the categories in the list mentioned in paragraph (3A)(a), and

(c)the number of the affected employees who work at each workplace in the list mentioned in paragraph (3A)(b).

The information referred to in paragraph (3)(a)(ii) is such information as will enable the employer readily to deduce-

(a)the total number of affected employees,

(b)the categories of employee to which the affected employees belong and the number of the affected employees in each of those categories, and

(c)the workplaces at which the affected employees work and the number of them who work at each of those workplaces.

The lists and figures supplied under this Article, or the information mentioned in paragraph (3C) that is so supplied, must be as accurate as is reasonably practicable in the light of the information in the possession of the union at the time when it complies with paragraph (1).

For the purposes of paragraph (3D) information is in the possession of the union if it is held, for union purposes-

(a)in a document, whether in electronic form or any other form, and

(b)in the possession or under the control of an officer or employee of the union.

Nothing in this Article requires a union to supply an employer with the names of the affected employees.]

(4) For the purposes of paragraph (1) the appropriate period is the period-

(a)beginning with the day when the union satisfies the requirement of Article 113 in relation to the ballot in respect of the industrial action, and

(b)ending with the seventh day before the day, or before the first of the days, specified in the relevant notice.

(5) For the purposes of paragraph (1) a relevant notice covers an act done by the union if the person induced[F66 falls within a notified category of employee, and the workplace at which he works is a notified workplace] and-

(a)where he is induced to take part or continue to take part in industrial action which the union intends to be continuous, if-

(i)the notice states that the union intends the industrial action to be continuous, and

(ii)there is no participation by him in the industrial action before the date specified in the notice in consequence of any inducement by the union not covered by a relevant notice; and

(b)where he is induced to take part or continue to take part in industrial action which the union intends to be discontinuous, if there is no participation by him in the industrial action on a day not so specified in consequence of any inducement by the union not covered by a relevant notice.

In paragraph (5)-

(a)a "notified category of employee" means-

(i)a category of employee that is listed in the notice, or

(ii)where the notice contains the information mentioned in paragraph (3C), a category of employee that the employer (at the time he receives the notice) can readily deduce from the notice is a category of employee to which some or all of the affected employees belong, and

(b)a "notified workplace" means-

(i)a workplace that is listed in the notice, or

(ii)where the notice contains the information mentioned in paragraph (3C), a workplace that the employer (at the time he receives the notice) can readily deduce from the notice is the workplace at which some or all of the affected employees work."

In this Article references to the "affected employees" are references to those employees of the employer who the union reasonably believes will be induced by the union, or have been so induced, to take part or continue to take part in the industrial action.

For the purposes of this Article, the workplace at which an employee works is-

(a)in relation to an employee who works at or from a single set of premises, those premises, and

(b)in relation to any other employee, the premises with which his employment has the closest connection.]

(6) For the purposes of this Article-

(a)a union intends industrial action to be discontinuous if it intends it to take place only on some days on which there is an opportunity to take the action, and

(b)a union intends industrial action to be continuous if it intends it to be not so restricted.

(7) [F68Subject to paragraphs (7A) and (7B),] where-

(a)continuous industrial action which has been authorised or endorsed by a union ceases to be so authorised or endorsed, and

(b)the industrial action has at a later date again been authorised or endorsed by the union (whether as continuous or discontinuous action),

no relevant notice covering acts done to induce persons to take part in the earlier action shall operate to cover acts done to induce persons to take part in the action authorised or endorsed at the later date and this Article shall apply in relation to an act to induce a person to take part, or continue to take part, in the industrial action after that date as if the references in paragraph (3)(b)(i) to the industrial action were to the industrial action taking place after that date.

Paragraph (7) shall not apply where industrial action ceases to be authorised or endorsed in order to enable the union to comply with a court order or an undertaking given to a court.

Paragraph (7) shall not apply where-

(a)a union agrees with an employer, before industrial action ceases to be authorised or endorsed, that it will cease to be authorised or endorsed with effect from a date specified in the agreement ( "the suspension date") and that it may again be authorised or endorsed with effect from a date not earlier than a date specified in the agreement ( "the resumption date");

(b)the action ceases to be authorised or endorsed with effect from the suspension date; and

(c)the action is again authorised or endorsed with effect from a date which is not earlier than the resumption date or such later date as may be agreed between the union and the employer.]

The requirement imposed on a trade union by paragraph (1) shall be treated as having been complied with if the steps were taken by other relevant persons or committees whose acts were authorised or endorsed by the union and references to the belief or intention of the union in paragraph (2) or, as the case may be, paragraphs (3), (5)[F69, (5C)] and (6) shall be construed as references to the belief or the intention of the person or committee taking the steps.

(9) The provisions of Article 21(2) to (4) of the 1992 Order apply for the purpose of determining for the purposes of paragraph (1) who are relevant persons or committees and whether the trade union is to be taken to have authorised or endorsed the steps the person or committee took and for the purposes of[F68 paragraphs (7) to (7B)] whether the trade union is to be taken to have authorised or endorsed the industrial action.

Construction of references to contract of employmentN.I.

119. In Articles 104 to 118 (requirement of ballot before action by trade union) references to a contract of employment include any contract under which one person personally does work or performs services for another; and "employer" and other related expressions shall be construed accordingly.

Industrial action affecting supply of goods or services to an individualN.I.

Industrial action affecting supply of goods or services to an individualN.I.

120.-(1) Where an individual claims that-

(a)any trade union or other person has done, or is likely to do, an unlawful act to induce any person to take part, or to continue to take part, in industrial action, and

(b)an effect, or a likely effect, of the industrial action is or will be to-

(i)prevent or delay the supply of goods or services, or

(ii)reduce the quality of goods or services supplied,

to the individual making the claim, he may apply to the High Court for an order under this Article.

(2) For the purposes of this Article an act to induce any person to take part, or to continue to take part, in industrial action is unlawful-

(a)if it is actionable in tort by any one or more persons, or

(b)(where it is or would be the act of a trade union) if it could form the basis of an application by a member under Article 29 (right to a ballot before industrial action).

(3) In determining whether an individual may make an application under this Article it is immaterial whether or not the individual is entitled to be supplied with the goods or services in question.

(4) Where on an application under this Article the High Court is satisfied that the claim is well-founded, it shall make such order as it considers appropriate for requiring the person by whom the act of inducement has been, or is likely to be, done to take steps for ensuring-

(a)that no, or no further, act is done by him to induce any persons to take part or to continue to take part in the industrial action, and

(b)that no person engages in conduct after the making of the order by virtue of having been induced by him before the making of the order to take part or continue to take part in the industrial action.

(5) Without prejudice to any other power of the High Court, the court may on an application under this Article grant such interlocutory relief as it considers appropriate.

(6) For the purposes of this Article an act of inducement shall be taken to be done by a trade union if it is authorised or endorsed by the union; and the provisions of Article 21(2) to (4) of the 1992 Order apply for the purposes of determining whether such an act is to be taken to be so authorised or endorsed.

Those provisions also apply in relation to proceedings for failure to comply with an order under this Article as they apply in relation to the original proceedings.

Arts. 121, 122 rep. by 1999 NI 9

No compulsion to workN.I.

No compulsion to workN.I.

123. No court shall, whether by way of-

(a)an order for specific performance of a contract of employment; or

(b)an injunction restraining a breach or threatened breach of such a contract,

compel an employee to do any work or attend at any place for the doing of any work.

Criminal offencesN.I.

Breach of contract involving injury to persons or propertyN.I.

124.-(1) A person commits an offence who wilfully and maliciously breaks a contract of service or hiring, knowing or having reasonable cause to believe that the probable consequences of his so doing, either alone or in combination with others, will be-

(a)to endanger human life or cause serious bodily injury, or

(b)to expose valuable property, whether real or personal, to destruction or serious injury.

(2) Paragraph (1) applies equally whether the offence is committed from malice conceived against the person endangered or injured or, as the case may be, the owner of the property destroyed or injured, or otherwise.

(3) A person guilty of an offence under this Article is liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to a fine not exceeding level 2 on the standard scale or both.

(4) This Article does not apply to a merchant seaman (as defined in Article 111(5)).

Intimidation or annoyance by violence or otherwiseN.I.

125.-(1) A person commits an offence who, with a view to compelling another person to abstain from doing or to do any act which that person has a legal right to do or abstain from doing, wrongfully and without legal authority-

(a)uses violence to or intimidates that person or his[F70 spouse or civil partner] or children, or injures his property,

(b)persistently follows that person about from place to place,

(c)hides any tools, clothes or other property owned or used by that person, or deprives him of or hinders him in the use thereof,

(d)watches or besets the house or other place where that person resides, works, carries on business or happens to be, or the approach to any such house or place, or

(e)follows that person with two or more other persons in a disorderly manner in or through any street or road.

(2) A person guilty of an offence under this Article is liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale, or both.

(3) F71. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Restriction of offence of conspiracyN.I.

126. Where in pursuance of any such agreement as is mentioned in Article 9(1) of the Criminal Attempts and Conspiracy (Northern Ireland) Order 1983F72 (which provides for the offence of conspiracy) the acts in question in relation to an offence are to be done in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute, the offence shall be disregarded for the purposes of that paragraph if it is an offence which is punishable only on summary conviction and is not punishable with imprisonment.

SupplementaryN.I.

Meaning of "trade dispute" in Part VIIIN.I.

127.-(1) In this Part a "trade dispute" means a dispute between workers and their employer which relates wholly or mainly to one or more of the following-

(a)terms and conditions of employment, or the physical conditions in which any workers are required to work;

(b)engagement or non-engagement, or termination or suspension of employment or the duties of employment, of one or more workers;

(c)allocation of work or the duties of employment between workers or groups of workers;

(d)matters of discipline;

(e)a worker's membership or non-membership of a trade union;

(f)facilities for officials of trade unions; and

(g)machinery for negotiation or consultation, and other procedures, relating to any of the above matters, including the recognition by employers or employers' associations of the right of a trade union to represent workers in such negotiation or consultation or in the carrying out of such procedures.

(2) A dispute between a Minister of the Crown or Northern Ireland Department and any workers shall, notwithstanding that the Minister or the Department is not the employer of those workers, be treated as a dispute between those workers and their employer if the dispute relates to matters which-

(a)have been referred for consideration by a joint body on which, by virtue of provision made by or under any statutory provision, that Minister or that Department is represented, or

(b)cannot be settled without that Minister or that Department exercising a power conferred by or under any statutory provision.

(3) There is a trade dispute even though it relates to matters occurring outside the United Kingdom, so long as the person or persons whose actions in the United Kingdom are said to be in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute relating to matters occurring outside the United Kingdom are likely to be affected in respect of one or more of the matters specified in paragraph (1) by the outcome of the dispute.

(4) An act, threat or demand done or made by one person or organisation against another which, if resisted, would have led to a trade dispute with that other, shall be treated as being done or made in contemplation of a trade dispute with that other, notwithstanding that because that other submits to the act or threat or accedes to the demand no dispute arises.

(5) In this Article-

"employment" includes any relationship whereby one person personally does work or performs services for another; and

"worker", in relation to a dispute with an employer, means-

(a)a worker employed by that employer; or

(b)a person who has ceased to be so employed if his employment was terminated in connection with the dispute or if the termination of his employment was one of the circumstances giving rise to the dispute.

Crown employees and contractsN.I.

128. Where a person holds any office or employment under the Crown on terms which do not constitute a contract of employment between that person and the Crown, those terms shall nevertheless be deemed to constitute such a contract for the purposes of-

(a)the law relating to liability in tort of a person who commits an act which-

(i)induces another person to break a contract, interferes with the performance of a contract or induces another person to interfere with its performance, or

(ii)consists in a threat that a contract will be broken or its performance interfered with, or that any person will be induced to break a contract or interfere with its performance, and

(b)the provisions of this or any other statutory provision which refer (whether in relation to contracts generally or only in relation to contracts of employment) to such an act.

Minor definitionsN.I.

129. In this Part-

• "date of the ballot" means, in the case of a ballot in which votes may be cast on more than one day, the last of those days;

• "strike" means[F73 (except for the purposes of Article 110(3))] any concerted stoppage of work;

• "working hours", in relation to a person, means any time when under his contract of employment, or other contract personally to do work or perform services, he is required to be at work.

PART XN.I.MISCELLANEOUS AMENDMENTS

Art. 136 rep. by 1996 NI 16

Liability of trade union in certain proceedings in tortN.I.

Liability of trade union in proceedings in tortN.I.

137. For Article 21 of the 1992 Order there shall be substituted the following Articles-

The AgencyN.I.

Functions of the AgencyN.I.

(2) For Article 89 of the 1992 Order (powers of the Agency to give advice) there shall be substituted-

Fees for exercise of functions by AgencyN.I.

139. After Article 90 of the 1992 Order there shall be inserted the following Article-

BallotsN.I.

Ballots: repeal of provisions for financial assistance and use of employers' premisesN.I.

140.-(1) Articles 102 and 103 of the 1992 Order (financial assistance towards expenditure on certain ballots and obligations of employers to make premises available) shall cease to have effect on 1st April 1996.

(2) No application under regulations under Article 102 (whether made before or after its repeal) shall be entertained by the Certification Officer in relation to expenditure in respect of a ballot if the date of the ballot falls after 31st March 1996 or in respect of arrangements to hold a ballot which is not proceeded with if the date of the ballot would have fallen after that date; but, for the purposes of applications made after (as well as before) the repeal in relation to expenditure not excluded by this paragraph, the regulations shall continue in force notwithstanding the repeal.

(3) In paragraph (2), the "date of the ballot" means, in the case of a ballot in which votes may be cast on more than one day, the last of those days.

PART XIN.I.MISCELLANEOUS AND GENERAL

Crown employment, etc.N.I.

Crown employmentN.I.

141.-(1) The provisions of this Order[F74 and the 1992 Order] have effect (except as mentioned below) in relation to Crown employment and persons in Crown employment as in relation to other employment and other workers or employees.

(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply in relation to[F75 Article 61(4)(b) (power of tribunal] to make order in respect of employer's failure to comply with duties as to union contributions)[F74 or in relation to Articles 42 and 43 of the 1992 Order].

(3) In this Article "Crown employment" means employment under or for the purposes of a government department.

(4) For the purposes of the provisions of this Order as they apply in relation to Crown employment or persons in Crown employment-

(a)"employee" and "contract of employment" means a person in Crown employment and the terms of employment of such a person;

(b)"dismissal" means the termination of Crown employment;

[F74(bb)the reference in Article 40(1)(e) of the 1992 Order to the employer's undertaking shall be construed as a reference to the national interest;]

(c)any reference to an undertaking shall be construed, in relation to a Minister of the Crown or Head of a department, as a reference to his functions or (as the context may require) to the department of which he is in charge, and in relation to a government department, shall be construed as a reference to the functions of the department or (as the context may require) to the department.

(5) This Article has effect subject to Article 142 (armed forces) and Article 143 (exemption on grounds of national security).

Armed forcesN.I.

142.-(1) Article 141 (application of Order to Crown employment) does not apply to service as a member of the naval, military or air forces of the Crown.

(2) But that Article applies to employment by an association established for the purposes of Part VI of the Reserve Forces Act 1980F76 (territorial, auxiliary and reserve forces associations) as it applies to employment for the purposes of a government department.

Exemption on grounds of national securityN.I.

143.-(1) Article 141 (application of Order to Crown employment) does not apply to employment in respect of which there is in force a certificate issued by or on behalf of the Secretary of State certifying that employment of a description specified in the certificate, or the employment of a particular person so specified, is (or, at a time specified in the certificate, was) required to be excepted from that Article for the purpose of safeguarding national security or protecting public safety or public order.

(2) A document purporting to be such a certificate shall, unless the contrary is proved, be deemed to be such a certificate.

Health service practitionersN.I.

Health service practitionersN.I.

144.-[F77(1)] In this Order "worker" includes an individual regarded in his capacity as one who works or normally works or seeks to work as a person[F78 performing personal medical services or personal dental services] providing general medical services, general dental services, general ophthalmic services or pharmaceutical services in accordance with arrangements made by a Health and Social Services Board under Article[F78 15B,], 61, 62 or 63 of the Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1972F79; and "employer", in relation to such an individual, regarded in that capacity, means that Board.

In this Order "worker" also includes an individual regarded in his capacity as one who works or normally works or seeks to work as a person performing primary medical services-

(a)in accordance with arrangements made by a Health and Social Services Board under Article 15B of the Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1972;

(b)under a contract under Article 57 of that Order entered into by him with a Health and Social Services Board,

and "employer" in relation to such an individual, regarded in that capacity, means that Board.]

Police serviceN.I.

Police serviceN.I.

145.-(1) In this Order "employee" or "worker" does not include a person in police service.

(2) "Police service" means service as a member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary or the Royal Ulster Constabulary Reserve, or, subject to paragraph (3), in any other capacity by virtue of which a person has the powers or privileges of a constable.

(3) Service in the office of constable under Article 19 of the Airports (Northern Ireland) Order 1994F80 shall not be treated as police service for the purposes of this Article, and the holding of that office on any airport shall be treated for those purposes as work under a contract of employment with the airport operator.

Contracting out, etc.N.I.

Restriction on contracting outN.I.

146.-(1) Any provision in an agreement (whether a contract of employment or not) is void in so far as it purports-

(a)to exclude or limit the operation of any provision of this Order, or

(b)to preclude a person from bringing proceedings before an industrial tribunal under any provision of this Order.

(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to an agreement to refrain from instituting or continuing proceedings where the Agency has taken action under[F81 Article 20 of the Industrial Tribunals (Northern Ireland) Order 1996] (general provisions as to conciliation).

(3) Paragraph (1) does not apply to an agreement to refrain from instituting or continuing any proceedings specified in Article 148 before an industrial tribunal if the conditions regulating compromise agreements under this Order are satisfied in relation to the agreement.

(4) The conditions regulating compromise agreements under this Order are that-

(a)the agreement must be in writing;

(b)the agreement must relate to the particular[F82 proceedings];

(c)the complainant must have received[F83 advice from a relevant independent adviser] as to the terms and effect of the proposed agreement and in particular its effect on his ability to pursue his rights before an industrial tribunal;

(d)there must be in force, when the adviser gives the advice, a[F84 contract of insurance, or an indemnity provided for members of a profession or professional body,] covering the risk of a claim by the complainant in respect of loss arising in consequence of the advice;

(e)the agreement must identify the adviser; and

(f)the agreement must state that the conditions regulating compromise agreements under this Order are satisfied.

A person is a relevant independent adviser for the purposes of paragraph (4)(c)-

(a)if he is a qualified lawyer,