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	Statutory Instruments made by the National Assembly for Wales
You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> Statutory Instruments made by the National Assembly for Wales >> The Assembly Learning Grants (European Institutions) (Wales) Regulations 2007 No. 2313 (W.184) URL: http://www.bailii.org/wales/legis/num_reg/2007/20072313e.html

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"2006 Regulations" ("Rheoliadau 2006") means the Assembly Learning Grant (European Institutions) (Wales) Regulations 2006[3];

"academic authority" ("awdurdod academaidd") means in, relation to an institution, the governing body or other body having the functions of a governing body and includes a person acting with the authority of that body;

"current course" ("cwrs cyfredol") means the designated course in respect of which a person is applying for support or to be recognised as an eligible student;

"eligible student" ("myfyriwr cymwys") has the meaning given by regulation 10;

"European Community" ("Cymuned Ewropeaidd") means the territory comprised by the Member States of the European Community as constituted from time to time;

"European institution" ("sefydliad Ewropeaidd") means—

(a) the Bologna Center;

(b) the College of Europe;

(c) the European University Institute;

"grants for living and other costs" ("grantiau at gostau bywa chostau eraill") means the grants payable under regulations 20 or 22;

"person with leave to enter or remain" ("person sydd â chaniatâd i ddod i mewn neu i aros") means a person—

(a) who has been informed by a person acting under the authority of the Secretary of State for the Home Department that, although he or she is considered not to qualify for recognition as a refugee, it is thought right to allow him or her to enter or remain in the United Kingdom;

(b) who has been granted leave to enter or remain accordingly;

(c) whose period of leave to enter or remain has not expired or has been renewed and the period for which it was renewed has not expired or in respect of whose leave to enter or remain an appeal is pending (within the meaning of section 104 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002[4]; and

(d) who has been ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom and Islands throughout the period since he or she was granted leave to enter or remain;

"qualifying course" ("cwrs cymwys") means a course—

(a) which is—


(i) a postgraduate or comparable course; and

(ii) of at least two academic years' duration; and



(b) in respect of which the student received, for at least two academic years of the course, a statutory award other than an award intended to assist with additional expenditure that the student was obliged to incur in connection with his or her attendance on the course by reason of a disability to which he or she is or was subject;

"refugee" ("ffoadur") means a person who is recognised by Her Majesty's government as a refugee within the meaning of the United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees done at Geneva on 28 July 1951[5] as extended by the Protocol theret[6]);

"relevant date" ("dyddiad perthnasol") means 1September 2007;

"statutory award" ("dyfarniad statudol") means any award bestowed, grant paid or other support provided by virtue of the 1998 Act or the Education Act 1962[7], or any comparable award, grant or other support in respect of undertaking a course which is paid out of public funds;

"student loans legislation" ("y ddeddfwriaeth ar fenthyciadau i fyfyrwyr" ) means the Education (Student Loans) Act 1990, the Education (Student Loans) (Northern Ireland) Order 1990, the Education (Scotland) Act 1980 and regulations made thereunder, the Education (Student Support) (Northern Ireland) Order 1998 and regulations made thereunder or the 1998 Act and regulations made thereunder;

"supplementary grants" ("grantiau atodol") means the grants payable under Chapter 4 of Part 4.

Amendment of the Assembly Learning Grants (European Institutions) (Wales) Regulations 2006
     4. The 2006 Regulations are amended in accordance with Schedule 1.

Revocation and saving provisions
     5. Subject to regulations 6 and 7, the Assembly Learning Grants (European Institutions) (Wales) Regulations 2006 are revoked in relation to Wales.

     6. Regulation 5 of the 2006 Regulations continues to apply.

     7. The 2006 Regulations are to continue to apply in relation to Wales in respect of an academic year beginning on or after 1 September 2006 but before 1 September 2007 and in respect of an academic year beginning on or after 1 September 2005 but before 1 September 2006 so far as the 2006 Regulations relate to an academic year beginning in that period.

     8. These Regulations apply in relation to the provision of support to students in relation to an academic year which begins on or after 1 September 2007 whether anything done under these Regulations is done before, on or after 1 September 2007.

    (4) The Welsh Ministers may extend the application deadline if they consider that the circumstances of the case warrant it.

Eligible students
     10. —(1) An eligible student qualifies for financial support in connection with his or her attendance on a designated course subject to and in accordance with these Regulations.

    (2) Subject to paragraphs (4) and (8), a person is an eligible student in connection with a designated course at the College of Europe or the European University Institute if—

(a) the academic authority of the European institution providing the designated course notifies the Welsh Ministers in writing that the person has a reasonable chance of being offered a place on that course by the academic authority; and

(b) the Welsh Ministers determine in connection with an application for support under these Regulations that he or she falls within one of the categories in Part 2 of Schedule 2.

    (3) Subject to paragraphs (4) and (8), a person is an eligible student in connection with a designated course at the Bologna Center if—

(a) the academic authority of the Bologna Center nominates him or her for support under these Regulations by writing to the Welsh Ministers; and

(b) the Welsh Ministers determine in connection with an application for support under these Regulations that he or she falls within one of the categories in Part 2 of Schedule 2.

    (4) A person is not an eligible student if—

(a) subject to paragraph (5), he or she has attended a qualifying course;

(b) he or she is in breach of an obligation to repay any loan;

(c) he or she has reached the age of 18 and not ratified any agreement for a loan made with him or her when he or she was under the age of 18; or

(d) he or she has, in the opinion of the Welsh Ministers, shown himself or herself by his or her conduct to be unfitted to receive support.

    (5) Paragraph (4)(a) does not apply where the person has attended a qualifying course but the Welsh Ministers have determined that having regard to the particular circumstances of that person's case it is appropriate to pay him or her support in connection with the current course.

    (6) For the purposes of paragraph (4)(b) and (c), "loan" means a loan made under the student loans legislation.

    (7) In a case where the agreement for a loan is subject to the law of Scotland, paragraph (4)(c) only applies if the agreement was made—

(a) before 25 September 1991; and

(b) with the concurrence of the borrower's curator or at a time when he had no curator. Paragraph (4)(c) is eligible.

    (8) Subject to paragraph (9), the number of eligible students must not exceed—

(a) 1, in the case of the Bologna Center;

(b) 2, in the case of the College of Europe; and

(c) 1, in the case of the European University Institute.

    (9) The maximum number of eligible students specified for a European Institution in sub-paragraph (8) may be exceeded if, in the Welsh Ministers' opinion, it is necessary to do so to allow a person falling within paragraph 12 of Part 2 of Schedule 2 to qualify for support for a relevant academic year.

    (10) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (9), "relevant academic year" means an academic year beginning on or after 1 September 2007 but on or before 31 August 2008.

    (11) An eligible student in respect of whom the first academic year of the course begins on or after 1 September 2000 shall not, at any one time, qualify for support for more than one designated course.

    (12) Despite paragraphs (2) to (4) and subject to paragraphs (8), (13) and (14), a person is an eligible student in connection with a designated course at a European Institution if—

(a) he or she qualified as an eligible student in connection with—


(i) an earlier academic year of the current course; or

(ii) a designated course that he or she attended at the same European institution and from which his or her status as an eligible student was transferred to the current course; and



(b) his or her status as an eligible student has not terminated.

    (13) Where—

(a) the Welsh Ministers determined that, by virtue of being a refugee or the spouse, civil partner, child or step-child of a refugee, a person ("A") was an eligible student in connection with an application for support for an earlier year of the current course or in connection with an application for support for a designated course at the same European institution from which his or her status as an eligible student has been transferred to the current course; and

(b) the refugee status of A or of his or her spouse, civil partner, parent or step-parent, as the case may be, is due to expire before the first day of the academic year in respect of which A is applying for support and, as at the day before that academic year begins, no further leave to remain has been granted and no appeal is pending (within the meaning of section 104 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002),

A's status as an eligible student terminates on the day before the first day of the academic year in respect of which he or she is applying for support.

    (14) Where—

(a) the Welsh Ministers determined that, by virtue of being a person with leave to enter or remain or the spouse, civil partner, child or step-child of such a person, a person ("A") was an eligible student in connection with an application for support for an earlier year of the current course or in connection with an application for support for a designated course at the same European institution from which his or her status as an eligible student has been transferred to the current course; and

(b) the period for which the person with leave to enter or remain is allowed to stay in the United Kingdom is due to expire before the first day of the academic year in respect of which A is applying for support and, as at the day before that academic year begins, no further leave to remain has been granted and no appeal is pending (within the meaning of section 104 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002),

A's status as an eligible student terminates on the day before the first day of the academic year in respect of which he or she is applying for support.

    (15) Paragraphs (13) and (14) do not apply where the student began the course in connection with which the Welsh Ministers determined that he or she was an eligible student before 1 September 2007.

    (16) The Welsh Ministers may take such steps and make such inquiries as they consider necessary to determine whether a person is an eligible student.

    (17) The Welsh Ministers must inform a person who has been notified to them under paragraph (2)(a) or nominated under paragraph (3)(a) whether he or she qualifies as an eligible student.

    (18) A person who has received notification from the Welsh Ministers under paragraph (11) that he or she is an eligible student in connection with a course at the College of Europe or the European University Institute and a person who is an eligible student at the College of Europe or the European University Institute by virtue of paragraph (12) must, by the deadline for receipt of financial information, provide the Welsh Ministers with any information or documentation that they request in order to determine the amount of support payable under these Regulations in respect of the academic year.

    (19) The deadline for receipt of financial information is—

(a) where the eligible student falls within paragraph 12 of Part 2 of Schedule 2, 1 January 2008 or, in the case of grants payable under regulations 20(7) or 22(6), 1 August 2008;

(b) in any other case, 30 September 2007 or, in the case of grants payable under regulations 20(7) or 22(6), 28 February 2008.

    (20) The Welsh Ministers must notify an eligible student of the amount of support payable in respect the academic year, if any.

Designated courses
     11. A course is designated for the purposes of section 22(1) of the 1998 Act and regulation 10 if it is—

(a) a postgraduate or comparable course;

(b) a full-time course;

(c) of at least one academic year's duration; and

(d) provided by a European institution.

Period of eligibility
     12. —(1) Subject to the following paragraphs, a student's status as an eligible student in connection with a designated course will terminate at the end of the academic year in which the relevant European institution would ordinarily expect the student to complete the course ("period of eligibility").

    (2) The student's period of eligibility terminates when the student—

(a) withdraws from his or her designated course in circumstances in which the Welsh Ministers will not transfer his or her status as an eligible student in accordance with regulation 13; or

(b) abandons or is expelled from his or her designated course.

    (3) The Welsh Ministers may terminate the student's period of eligibility if they are satisfied that the conduct of the student has shown that he or she is unfitted to receive support.

    (4) Where the student's period of eligibility will terminate before the end of the academic year in which the student will actually complete the course, the Welsh Ministers may, at any time, extend or renew the period of eligibility for such period as they determine.

    (5) If the Welsh Ministers are satisfied that an eligible student has failed to comply with any requirement to provide information under these Regulations or has provided information which is inaccurate in a material particular, the Welsh Ministers may do one or more of the following—

(a) terminate the student's period of eligibility;

(b) determine that the student no longer qualifies for any particular type of support or particular amount of support;

(c) treat any support already paid to the student as an overpayment which may be recovered in accordance with regulation 39.

Transfer of eligibility
     13. —(1) Where an eligible student transfers to another designated course at the same European institution, the Welsh Ministers must transfer the student's status as an eligible student where—

(a) they receive a request from the eligible student to do so;

(b) they are satisfied that the eligible student has begun to attend that other course on the recommendation of the academic authority; and

(c) the student's status as an eligible student has not terminated.

    (2) An eligible student who transfers under paragraph (1) is to receive in connection with the academic year of the course to which he or she transfers the remainder of the support assessed by the Welsh Ministers in respect of the academic year of the course from which he or she transfers.

    (3) An eligible student who transfers under paragraph (1) after the Welsh Ministers have assessed support in connection with the academic year of the course from which the student is transferring but before the student completes that year may not, in connection with the academic year of the course to which he or she transfers, apply for another grant of a kind that he or she has already applied for under these Regulations in connection with the academic year of the course from which he or she is transferring.

     16. Information provided to the Welsh Ministers pursuant to these Regulations must be in the format required by the Welsh Ministers and, if the Welsh Ministers require the information to be signed by the person providing it, an electronic signature in such form as they may specify satisfies this requirement.

    (6) A College of Europe student qualifies for a grant for college travel of such amount as the Welsh Ministers determine to be the reasonable cost of travel from the student's residence whilst attending the College of Europe to the College of Europe.

    (7) Subject to the prior agreement of the Welsh Ministers before costs are incurred, a College of Europe student qualifies for a grant for research travel of such amount as the Welsh Ministers determine to be the reasonable cost of travel incurred for the purposes of completing periods of research authorised by the College of Europe during the academic year in respect of which support is being applied for.

     21. A deduction may be made in accordance with Part 5 from the amount payable in respect of any of the grants calculated in accordance with regulation 20.

Grant for dependants
     26. —(1) The grant for dependants consists of the following elements—

(a) adult dependants' grant; and

(b) parents learning allowance.

    (2) The qualifying conditions for each element and the amounts payable are set out in regulations 27 to 31.

Adult dependants' grant
     27. —(1) Subject to paragraph (3), a College of Europe Student or a European University Institute student qualifies for an adult dependants' grant in connection with his or her attendance on a designated course in accordance with this regulation.

    (2) The adult dependants' grant is available in respect of a dependant of an eligible student who is either—

(a) the student's partner; or

(b) an adult dependant of the student whose net income does not exceed, £3,615.

    (3) A College of Europe student or a European University Institute student does not qualify for the grant payable under this regulation if paragraph 9 of Part 2 of Schedule 2 is the only paragraph of Part 2 of that Schedule into which the student falls.

     28. The amount of adult dependants' grant payable in respect of an academic year is calculated in accordance with regulation 30, the basic amount being—

(a) in respect of the current academic year, £2,515; or

(b) where the person in respect of whom the student is applying for adult dependants' grant is ordinarily resident outside of the United Kingdom, such amount not exceeding £2,515 as the Welsh Ministers consider reasonable in the circumstances.

Parents' learning allowance
     29. —(1) Subject to paragraph (2), a College of Europe student or a European University Institute student qualifies in connection with his or her attendance on a designated course for the parents' learning allowance if he or she has one or more dependent children.

    (2) A College of Europe student or a European University Institute student does not qualify for the grant payable under this regulation if paragraph 9 of Part 2 of Schedule 2 is the only paragraph of Part 2 of that Schedule into which the student falls.

    (3) The amount of parents' learning allowance payable in respect of an academic year is calculated in accordance with regulation 30, the basic amount being, £1,435.

Calculations
     30. —(1) Subject to the following paragraphs, the amount payable in respect of a particular element of the grant for dependants for which the College of Europe student or European University Institute student qualifies under regulations 27 to 29 is the amount of that element remaining after applying, until it is extinguished or no element remains payable under regulations 27 to 29, an amount equal to (A − B) as follows and in the following order—

(a) to reduce the basic amount of the adult dependants' grant where the student qualifies for that element under regulation 27; and

(b) to reduce the basic amount of parents' learning allowance where the student qualifies for that element under regulation 29.

    (2) Subject to paragraphs (4) and (5), where B is greater than or equal to A, the basic amount of each element of the grant for dependants for which the student qualifies is payable.

    (3) Where (A − B) is equal to or exceeds the aggregate of the basic amounts of the elements of the grant for dependants for which the eligible student qualifies, the amount payable in respect of each element is nil.

    (4) The amount of adult dependants' grant calculated under paragraph (1) is reduced by one half where—

(a) the student's partner—


(i) is an eligible student; or

(ii) holds a statutory award; and



(b) account is taken of that partner's dependants in calculating the amount of support for which that partner qualifies or the payment to which he or she is entitled under the statutory award.

    (5) Where the amount of the parents' learning allowance calculated under paragraph (1) is £0.01 or more but less than £50, the amount of parents' learning allowance payable is £50.

    (6) For the purposes of this regulation—

     A is the aggregate of the net income of each of the eligible student's dependants; and

     B is—

(a) £1,100 where the student has no dependent children;

(b) £3,300 where the student is not a lone parent and has one dependent child;

(c) £4,405 where the student is not a lone parent and has more than one dependent child;

(d) £4,405 where the student is a lone parent and has one dependent child;

(e) £5,510 where the student is a lone parent and has more than one dependent child;

     31. A deduction may be made in accordance with Part 5 from the amount payable in respect of a particular element of the grant for dependants calculated in accordance with regulations 27 to 30.

Interpretation
     32. —(1) For the purposes of regulations 27 to 31—

(a) "adult dependant" ("dibynnydd mewn oed") means, in relation to a student, an adult person dependent on the student other than his or her child, his or her partner (including a spouse or civil partner from whom the Welsh Ministers consider the student is separated) or his or her former partner;

(b) "child" ("plentyn") in relation to a student includes any child of the student's partner who is dependent on the student and any child for whom the student has parental responsibility who is dependent on him or her;

(c) "dependant" ("dibynnydd") means, in relation to a student, the student's partner, his or her dependent child or an adult dependant, who in each case is not an eligible student and does not hold a statutory award;

(d) "dependent" ("dibynnol") means wholly or mainly financially dependent;

(e) "lone parent" ("rhiant unigol") means a student who does not have a partner and who has a dependent child or dependent children;

(f) "net income" ("incwm net") has the meaning given in paragraph (2);

(g) subject to sub-paragraphs (h), (i) and (j), "partner" ("partner") means any of the following—


(i) the spouse of a student;

(ii) the civil partner of a student;

(iii) a person ordinarily living with a student as if that person were his or her spouse where that student—


(aa) was aged 25 or over at the start of the academic year in respect of which the student's contribution falls to be assessed; and

(bb) started the designated course on or after 1 September 2000;



(iv) a person ordinarily living with a student as if that person were his or her civil partner where that student—



(aa) was aged 25 or over at the start of the academic year in respect of which the student's contribution falls to be assessed; and

(bb) started the designated course on or after 1 September 2005;



(h) unless otherwise indicated, a person who would otherwise be a partner under sub-paragraph (g) is not to be treated as a partner if—



(i) in the opinion of the Welsh Ministers, that person and the student are separated; or

(ii) the person is ordinarily living outside the United Kingdom and is not maintained by the student;



(i) for the purposes of the definition of "adult dependant", a person is to be treated as a partner if the person would be a partner under sub-paragraph (g) but for the fact that the student with whom he or she is living was not aged 25 or over at the start of the academic year in respect of which the student's contribution falls to be assessed;

(j) for the purposes of the definitions of "child" and "lone parent", a person is to be treated as a partner if the person would be a partner under sub-paragraph (g) but for the date on which the student began the designated course or the fact that the student with whom he or she is ordinarily resident was not aged 25 or over at the start of the academic year in respect of which the student's contribution falls to be assessed.

    (2) Subject to paragraph (3), a dependant's net income is his or her income from all sources for the academic year in question reduced by the amount of income tax and social security contributions payable in respect of it but disregarding—

(a) any pension, allowance or other benefit paid by reason of a disability or incapacity to which the dependant is subject;

(b) child benefit payable under Part IX of the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992[8];

(c) any financial support payable to the dependant by a local authority in accordance with regulations made under sections 2, 3 and 4 of the Adoption and Children Act 2002[9];

(d) any guardian's allowance to which the dependant is entitled under section 77 of the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992;

(e) in the case of a dependant with whom a child being looked after by a local authority is boarded out, any payment made to that dependant for the purposes of section 23 of the Children Act 1989[10];

(f) any payments made to the dependant under section 15 of and Schedule 1 to the Children Act 1989 in respect of a person who is not the dependant's child or any assistance given by a local authority pursuant to section 24 of that Act; and

(g) any child tax credit to which the dependant is entitled under Part 1 of the Tax Credits Act 2002.

    (3) Where a student or his or her partner makes any recurrent payments which were previously made by the student in pursuance of an obligation incurred before the first academic year of the student's course, the partner's net income is net income calculated in accordance with paragraph (2) reduced by—

(a) an amount equal to the payments in question for the academic year, if in the opinion of the Welsh Ministers the obligation has been reasonably incurred; or

(b) such lesser amount, if any, as the Welsh Ministers consider appropriate if, in their opinion, a lesser obligation could reasonably have been incurred.

    (4) For the purposes of paragraph (2), where—

(a) the dependant is a dependent child;

(b) the relevant academic year is a new academic year; and

(c) payments are made to the student towards the child's maintenance;

those payments are to be treated as the child's income.

     35. —(1) In the case of a College of Europe student, the Welsh Ministers must apply the student's contribution—

(a) first, to reduce the amount of grant for living costs calculated under regulation 20(3);

(b) second—


(i) in the case of a student who is eligible for the grant for dependants, to reduce in the following order—


(aa) the amount of any adult dependants' grant calculated in accordance with regulation 30

(bb) the amount of any parents' learning allowance calculated in accordance with regulation 30; and

(cc) the amount of any grant for board and lodging calculated in accordance with regulation 20(4);



(ii) in any other case, to reduce the amount of grant for board and lodging calculated under regulation 20(4);



(c) third, to reduce the amount of grant for travel home calculated in accordance with regulation 20(5);

(d) fourth, to reduce the amount of grant for college travel calculated in accordance with regulation 20(6);

(e) fifth, subject to paragraph (2), to reduce the amount of grant for research travel calculated in accordance with regulation 20(7).

    (2) Where the contribution available to reduce the amount of grant for research travel in accordance with paragraph (1)(e) exceeds the amount of that grant calculated under regulation 20(7), the amount of that grant payable to the student is nil.

     36. —(1) In the case of a European University Institute student, the Welsh Ministers must apply the student's contribution—

(a) first, to reduce the amount of grant for living costs calculated in accordance with regulation 22(3);

(b) second—


(i) in the case of a student who is eligible for the grant for dependants, to reduce in the following order—


(aa) the amount of any adult dependants' grant calculated in accordance with regulation 30;

(bb) the amount of any parents' learning allowance calculated in accordance with regulation 30; and

(cc) the amount of any grant for travel home calculated in accordance with regulation 22(4);



(ii) in any other case, to reduce the amount of grant for travel home calculated in accordance with regulation 22(4);



(c) third, to reduce the amount of grant for college travel calculated in accordance with regulation 22(5).

(d) fourth, subject to paragraph (2), to reduce the amount of grant for research travel calculated in accordance with regulation 22(6).

    (2) Where the contribution available to reduce the amount of grant for research travel in accordance with paragraph (1)(d) exceeds the amount of that grant calculated under regulation 22(6), the amount of that grant payable to the student is nil.

unless they consider that it is appropriate to do so taking into account the circumstances of the student's case.

Overpayments
     39. —(1) The Welsh Ministers may recover any overpayment of grant for fees from the academic authority.

    (2) An eligible student must, if required to do so by the Welsh Ministers, repay any amount paid to that student under Part 4 which for whatever reason exceeds the amount of support to which he or she is entitled under Part 4.


Jane E. Hutt
Minister for Children, Education, Lifelong Learning and Skills, one of the Welsh Ministers.

4 August 2007

"EEA Agreement" ("Cytundeb yr AEE") means the Agreement on the European Economic Area signed at Oporto on 2nd May 1992[11] as adjusted by the Protocol signed at Brussels on 17th March 1993[12];

"EEA frontier self-employed person" ("person hunangyflogedig y ffin o'r AEE") has the meaning given by sub-paragraph (2);

"EEA frontier worker" ("gweithiwr y ffin o'r AEE") has the meaning given by sub-paragraph (3);

"EEA migrant worker" ("gweithiwr mudol o'r AEE") means an EEA national who is or, in the case of an EEA national who applies for support after the moving date, was a worker, other than an EEA frontier worker, in the United Kingdom;

"EEA national" ("gwladolyn yr AEE") means a national of an EEA State other than the United Kingdom;

"EEA self-employed person" ("person hunangyflogedig o'r AEE") means an EEA national who is a self-employed person, other than an EEA frontier self-employed person, in the United Kingdom;

"EEA State" ("Gwladwriaeth yr AEE") means a Member State of the European Economic Area;

"employed person" ("person cyflogedig") means an employed person within the meaning of Annex 1 to the Switzerland Agreement;

"European Economic Area" ("Ardal Economaidd Ewropeaidd") means the area comprised by the European Community, the Republic of Iceland, the Kingdom of Norway and the Principality of Liechtenstein;

"family member", ("aelod o deulu") unless otherwise indicated, means—

(a) in relation to an EEA frontier worker, an EEA migrant worker, an EEA frontier self-employed person or an EEA self-employed person—


(i) his or her spouse or civil partner;

(ii) his or her child or the child of his or her spouse or civil partner; or

(iii) dependent direct relatives in his or her ascending line or that of his or her spouse or civil partner;



(b) in relation to a Swiss employed person, a Swiss frontier employed person, a Swiss frontier self-employed person or a Swiss self-employed person—



(i) his or her spouse or civil partner; or

(ii) his or her child or the child of his or her spouse or civil partner;



(c) in relation to an EC national who falls within article 7(1) (c ) of Directive 2004/38—



(i) his or her spouse or civil partner; or

(ii) direct descendants of his or hers or of his or her spouse or civil partner who are—


(aa) under the age of 21;

(bb) dependants of his or hers or of his or her spouse or civil partner;



(d) in relation to an EC national who falls within article 7(1) (b ) of Directive 2004/38—



(i) his or her spouse or civil partner;

(ii) direct descendants of his or hers or of his or her spouse or civil partner who are—


(aa) under the age of 21; or

(bb) dependants of his or hers or of his or her spouse or civil partner;



(iii) dependent direct relatives in his or her ascending line or that of his or her spouse or civil partner;



(e) in relation to a United Kingdom national, for the purposes of paragraph 9—



(i) his or her spouse or civil partner; or

(ii) direct descendants of his or hers or of his or her spouse or civil partner who are—


(aa) under the age of 21; or

(bb) dependants of his or hers or of his or her spouse or civil partner;

"right of permanent residence" ("hawl i breswylio'n barhaol") means a right arising under Directive 2004/38 to reside in the United Kingdom permanently without restriction;

"self-employed person" ("person hunangyflogedig") means—

(a) in relation to an EEA national, a person who is self-employed within the meaning of Article 7 of Directive 2004/38 or the EEA Agreement, as the case may be; or

(b) in relation to a Swiss national, a person who is a self-employed person within the meaning of Annex 1 to the Swiss Agreement;

"settled" ("wedi setlo") has the meaning given by section 33(2A) of the Immigration Act 1971[13];

"Swiss Agreement" ("Cytundeb y Swistir") means the Agreement between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Swiss Confederation, of the other, on the Free Movement of Persons signed at Luxembourg on 21 June 1999[14] and which came into force on 1 June 2002;

"Swiss employed person" ("person cyflogedig Swisaidd") means a Swiss national who is an employed person, other than a Swiss frontier employed person, in the United Kingdom;

"Swiss frontier employed person" ("person cyflogedig Swisaidd y ffin") has the meaning given in sub-paragraph (4);

"Swiss frontier self-employed person" ("person hunangyflogedig Swisaidd y ffin") has the meaning given in sub-paragraph (5);

"Swiss self-employed person" ("person hunangyflogedig Swisaidd") means a Swiss national who is or, in the case of a person who applies for support after the moving date, was a self-employed person, other than a Swiss frontier self-employed person, in the United Kingdom;

"Turkish worker" ("gweithiwr Twrcaidd") means a Turkish national who on the relevant date—

(a) was ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom and Islands; and

(b) was, or had been, lawfully employed in the United Kingdom.

"United Kingdom national" ("gwladolyn y Deyrnas Unedig") means a person who falls to be treated as a national of the United Kingdom for the purposes of the Community Treaties;

"worker" ("gweithiwr") means a worker within the meaning of Article 7 of Directive 2004/38 or the EEA Agreement, as the case may be.

    (2) "EEA frontier self-employed person" ("person hunangyflogedig y ffin o'r AEE") means an EEA national who—

(a) is a self-employed person in Wales; and

(b) resides in Switzerland or in the territory of an EEA State other than the United Kingdom and returns to his or her residence in Switzerland or that EEA State, as the case may be, daily or at least once a week.

    (3) "EEA frontier worker" ("gweithiwr y ffin o'r AEE" ) means an EEA national who—

(a) is a worker in Wales; and

(b) resides in Switzerland or in the territory of an EEA State other than the United Kingdom and returns to his or her residence in Switzerland or that EEA State, as the case may be, daily or at least once a week.

    (4) "Swiss frontier employed person" ("person cyflogedig Swisaidd y ffin" ) means a Swiss national who—

(a) is an employed person in Wales; and

(b) resides in Switzerland or in the territory of an EEA State other than the United Kingdom and returns to his or her residence in Switzerland or that EEA State, as the case may be, daily or at least once a week.

    (5) "Swiss frontier self-employed person" ("person hunangyflogedig Swisaidd y ffin") means a Swiss national who—

(a) is a self-employed person in Wales; and

(b) resides in Switzerland or in the territory of an EEA State other than the United Kingdom and returns to his or her residence in Switzerland or that EEA State, as the case may be, daily or at least once a week.

    (6) For the purposes of this Schedule, "parent" includes a guardian, any other person having parental responsibility for a child and any person having care of a child and "child" is to be construed accordingly.

    (7) For the purposes of this Schedule, a person is to be treated as ordinarily resident in Wales, the United Kingdom and Islands, the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland or the territory comprising the European Economic Area, Switzerland and Turkey if he or she would have been so resident but for the fact that-—

(a) he or she;

(b) his or her spouse or civil partner;

(c) his or her parent; or

(d) in the case of a dependent direct relative in the ascending line, his or her child or child's spouse or civil partner,

is or was temporarily employed outside the area in question.

    (8) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (7), temporary employment outside of Wales, the United Kingdom and Islands, the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland or the territory comprising the European Economic Area, Switzerland and Turkey includes—

(a) in the case of members of the regular naval, military or air forces of the Crown, any period which they serve outside the United Kingdom as members of such forces;

(b) in the case of members of the regular armed forces of an EEA State or Switzerland, any period which they serve outside the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland as members of such forces; and

(c) in the case of members of the regular armed forces of Turkey, any period which they serve outside of the territory comprising the European Economic Area, Switzerland and Turkey as members of such forces.

(a) is settled in the United Kingdom on the relevant date other than by reason of having acquired a right of permanent residence;

(b) is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date;

(c) had been ordinarily resident throughout the three-year period preceding the relevant date in the United Kingdom and Islands; and

(d) had not during any part of the period referred to in paragraph (c) been ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom and Islands wholly or mainly for the purpose of receiving full-time education.

    (2) Paragraph (d) of sub-paragraph (1) does not apply to a person who is treated as being ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom and Islands in accordance with paragraph 1(7).

     3. A person—

(a) who is settled in the United Kingdom on the relevant date by reason of having acquired the right of permanent residence;

(b) who is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date;

(c) who had been ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom throughout the three-year period preceding the relevant date; and

(d) who, in a case where his or her ordinary residence referred to in paragraph (c) was wholly or mainly for the purpose of receiving full-time education, was ordinarily resident in the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland immediately before the period of ordinary residence referred to in paragraph (c).

Refugees and persons with leave to enter or remain
     4. —(1) A person—

(a) who is a refugee;

(b) who is ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom and Islands and has not ceased to be so resident since he or she was recognised as a refugee; and

(c) who is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date.

    (2) A person—

(a) who is the spouse or civil partner of a refugee;

(b) who was the spouse or civil partner of the refugee on the date on which the refugee made his or her application for asylum;

(c) who is ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom and Islands and has not ceased to be so resident since he or she was given leave to remain in the United Kingdom; and

(d) who is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date.

    (3) A person—

(a) who is the child of a refugee or the child of the spouse or civil partner of a refugee;

(b) who, on the date on which the refugee made his or her application for asylum, was the child of the refugee or the child of a person who was the spouse or civil partner of the refugee on that date;

(c) who was under 18 on the date on which the refugee made his or her application for asylum;

(d) who is ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom and Islands and has not ceased to be so resident since he or she was given leave to remain in the United Kingdom; and

(e) who is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date.

     5. —(1) A person—

(a) with leave to enter or remain;

(b) who is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date; and

(c) who has been ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom and Islands throughout the three-year period preceding the relevant date.

    (2) A person—

(a) who is the spouse or civil partner of a person with leave to enter or remain;

(b) who was the spouse or civil partner of the person with leave to enter or remain on the date on which that person made his or her application for asylum;

(c) who is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date; and

(d) who has been ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom and Islands throughout the three-year period preceding the relevant date.

    (3) A person—

(a) who is the child of a person with leave to enter or remain or the child of the spouse or civil partner of a person with leave to enter or remain;

(b) who, on the date on which the person with leave to enter or remain made his or her application for asylum, was the child of that person or the child of a person who was the spouse or civil partner of the person with leave to enter or remain on that date;

(c) who was under 18 on the date on which the person with leave to enter or remain made his or her application for asylum;

(d) who is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date; and

(e) who has been ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom and Islands throughout the three-year period preceding the relevant date.

Workers, employed persons, self-employed persons and their family members
     6. —(1) A person who—

(a) on the relevant date, is—


(i) an EEA migrant worker or an EEA self-employed person;

(ii) a Swiss employed person or a Swiss self-employed person;

(iii) a family member of a person mentioned in paragraph (i) or (ii);

(iv) an EEA frontier worker or an EEA frontier self-employed person;

(v) a Swiss frontier employed person or a Swiss frontier self-employed person; or

(vi) a family member of a person in (iv) or (v);

(vii) subject to sub-paragraph (2), is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date;

(viii) has been ordinarily resident in the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland throughout the three-year period preceding the relevant date.

    (2) Paragraph (b) of sub-paragraph (1) does not apply where the person applying for support falls within paragraph (a)(iv), (v) or (vi) of sub-paragraph (1).

     7. A person who—

(a) is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date;

(b) has been ordinarily resident in the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland throughout the three-year period preceding the relevant date; and

(c) is entitled to support by virtue of article 12 of Council Regulation (EEC) No. 1612/68 on the freedom of movement of workers[15],as extended by the EEA Agreement.

Persons who are settled in the United Kingdom and have exercised a right of residence elsewhere
     8. —(1) A person who—

(a) is settled in the United Kingdom;

(b) left the United Kingdom and exercised a right of residence after having been settled in the United Kingdom;

(c) is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date;

(d) has been ordinarily resident in the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland throughout the three-year period preceding the relevant date; and

(e) in a case where his or her ordinary residence referred to in paragraph (b) was wholly or mainly for the purposes of receiving full-time education, was ordinarily resident in the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland immediately before the period of ordinary residence referred to in paragraph (d).

    (2) For the purposes of this paragraph, a person has exercised a right of residence if he or she is a United Kingdom national, a family member of a United Kingdom national for the purposes of Article 7 of Directive 2004/38 (or corresponding purposes under the EEA Agreement or Swiss Agreement) or a person who has the right of permanent residence who in each case has exercised a right under Article 7 of Directive 2004/38 or any equivalent right under the EEA Agreement or Swiss Agreement in a state other than the United Kingdom or, in the case of a person who is settled in the United Kingdom and has a right of permanent residence, if he or she goes to the state within the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland of which he or she is a national or of which the person in relation to whom he or she is a family member is a national.

EC nationals
     9. —(1) A person who—

(a) on the relevant date, is either—


(i) an EC national; or

(ii) a family member of such a person;



(b) is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date;

(c) has been ordinarily resident in the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland throughout the three-year period preceding the relevant date; and

(d) subject of sub-paragraph (2), whose ordinary residence in the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland has not during any part of the period referred to in paragraph (c) been wholly or mainly for the purpose of receiving full-time education.

    (2) Paragraph (d) of sub-paragraph (1) does not apply to a person who is treated as being ordinarily resident in the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland in accordance with paragraph 1(7).

     10. —(1) A person who—

(a) on the relevant date, is an EC national other than a United Kingdom national;

(b) is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date;

(c) has been ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom and Islands throughout the three-year period immediately preceding the relevant date; and

(d) in a case where his or her ordinary residence referred to in paragraph (c) was wholly or mainly for the purpose of receiving full-time education, was ordinarily resident in the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland immediately before the period of ordinary residence referred to in paragraph (c).

Children of Swiss nationals
     11. A person who—

(a) on the relevant date, is the child of a Swiss national who is entitled to support from the Secretary of State by virtue of article 3(6) of Annex 1 to the Swiss Agreement;

(b) is ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date;

(c) has been ordinarily resident in the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland throughout the three-year period preceding the first day of the first academic year of the course; and

(d) in a case where his or her ordinary residence referred to in paragraph (c) was wholly or mainly for the purpose of receiving full-time education, was ordinarily resident in the territory comprising the European Economic Area and Switzerland immediately before the period of ordinary residence referred to in paragraph (c).

Children of Turkish workers
     12. A person who—

(a) on the relevant date, was the child of a Turkish worker;

(b) was ordinarily resident in Wales on the relevant date; and

(c) has been ordinarily resident in the territory comprising the European Economic Area, Switzerland and Turkey throughout the three-year period preceding the first day of the first academic year of the course.

(a) any remuneration for work done during any academic year of the student's course, provided that such remuneration does not include any sums paid in respect of any period for which he or she has leave of absence or is relieved of normal duties for the purpose of attending that course;

(b) the gross amount of any premium or other sum paid by the student in relation to a pension (not being a pension payable under a policy of life assurance) in respect of which relief is given under section 273, 619 or 639 of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988[16] or under section 188 of the Finance Act 2004[17], or where the student's income is computed for the purpose of the income tax legislation of another Member State, the gross amount of any such premium or sum in respect of which relief would be given if that legislation made provision equivalent to the Income Tax Acts.

    (2) Where the student receives income in a currency other than sterling, the value of that income for the purpose of this paragraph is—

(a) if the student purchases sterling with the income, the amount of sterling the student so receives; or

(b) otherwise, the value of the sterling the income would purchase using the rate for the month in which it is received published by the Office for National Statistics[18].

Calculation of parent's residual income
     4. —(1) For the purposes of determining the taxable income of a student's parent, any deductions which fall to be made or exemptions which are permitted—

(a) by way of personal reliefs provided for in Chapter 1 of Part VII of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988, or where the income is computed for the purposes of the income tax legislation of another EEA State or Switzerland, the gross amount of any such premium in respect of which relief would be given if that legislation made provision equivalent to the Income Tax Acts;

(b) pursuant to any enactment or rule of law under which payments which would otherwise under United Kingdom law form part of a person's income are not treated as such; or

(c) under sub-paragraph (2)

are not to be made or permitted.

    (2) For the purpose of determining the residual income of a parent, there is to be deducted from the taxable income determined under sub-paragraph (1) the aggregate of any amounts falling within any of the following sub-paragraphs—

(a) the gross amount of any premium or other sum paid by the student in relation to a pension (not being a pension payable under a policy of life assurance) in respect of which relief is given under section 273, 619 or 639 of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 or under section 188 of the Finance Act 2004, or where the student's income is computed for the purpose of the income tax legislation of another EEA State or Switzerland, the gross amount of any such premium or sum in respect of which relief would be given if that legislation made provision equivalent to the Income Tax Acts;

(b) in any case where income is computed in accordance with sub-paragraph (6) any sums equivalent to the deduction mentioned in paragraph (a), provided that any sums so deducted are not to exceed the deductions which would be made if the whole of the student's parent's income were in fact income for the purposes of the Income Tax Acts; and

(c) in the case of a parent student or a student's parent who holds a statutory award, £1,075.

    (3) Where the Welsh Ministers are satisfied that the income of the parent in the financial year beginning immediately before the relevant year ("current financial year") is, as a result of some event beyond the parent's control, likely to be not more than 85 per cent, of the sterling value of his or her income in the preceding financial year the Welsh Ministers may, for the purpose of enabling the student to attend the course without hardship, ascertain the household income for the current financial year.

    (4) Where the Welsh Minsters are satisfied that the income of the parent in any financial year is, as a result of some event beyond the parent's control, likely to be and to continue after that year to be not more than 85 per cent. of the sterling value of his or her income in the previous financial year the Welsh Ministers may, for the purpose of enabling the student to attend the course without hardship, ascertain the household income for the academic year of the student's course in which that event occurred by taking as the residual income of the parent the average of his or her residual income for each of the financial years in which that academic year falls.

    (5) Where the student's parent satisfies the Welsh Ministers that his or her income is wholly or mainly derived from the profits of a business or profession carried on by him or her, then any reference in this Part of the Schedule to a preceding financial year is to be read as a reference to the earliest period of twelve months which ends after the start of the preceding financial year and in respect of which accounts are kept relating to that business or profession.

    (6) Where a student's parent is in receipt of any income which does not form part of that parent's income for the purposes of the Income Tax Acts or the income tax legislation of another EEA State or Switzerland by reason only that—

(a) the parent is not resident, ordinarily resident or domiciled in the United Kingdom, or where his or her income is computed as for the purposes of the income tax legislation of another EEA State or Switzerland, not so resident, ordinarily resident or domiciled in that EEA State or Switzerland;

(b) the income does not arise in the United Kingdom, or where the parent's income is computed for the purposes of the income tax legislation of another EEA State or Switzerland, does not arise in that EEA State or Switzerland; or

(c) the income arises from an office, service or employment, income from which is exempt from tax in pursuance of any legislation,

his or her taxable income for the purpose of this Schedule is to be computed as though the income under this sub-paragraph were part of his or her income for the purpose of the Income Tax Acts or the income tax legislation of another EEA State or Switzerland, as the case may be.

    (7) Where the income of the student's parent is computed as for the purposes of the income tax legislation of another EEA State or Switzerland, it is to be computed under the provisions of this Schedule in the currency of that EEA State or Switzerland and the income of the student's parent for the purposes of this Schedule is the sterling value of that income determined in accordance with the rate for the month in which the last day of the financial year in question falls, as published by the Office for National Statistics.

    (8) Where one of the student's parents dies either before or during the relevant year and that parent's income has been or would be taken into account for the purpose of determining the household income, then

(a) where the parent dies before the relevant year, the household income is to be determined by reference to the income of the surviving parent; or

(b) where the parent dies during the relevant year, the household income is to be taken to be the aggregate of—


(i) the appropriate proportion of the household income determined by reference to the income of both parents, being the proportion in respect of that part of the relevant year during which both parents were alive; and

(ii) the appropriate proportion of the household income determined by reference to the income of the surviving parent, being the proportion in respect of that part of the relevant year remaining after the death of the other parent.

    (9) Where the Welsh Ministers determine that the parents were separated for the duration of the relevant year, the household income is to be determined by reference to the income of whichever parent the Welsh Ministers consider most appropriate under the circumstances.

    (10) Where the Welsh Ministers determine that the parents separated in the course of the relevant year, the household income is determined by reference to the aggregate of—

(a) the appropriate proportion of the household income determined in accordance with sub-paragraph (9), being the proportion in respect of that part of the relevant year for which the parents are separated; and

(b) the appropriate proportion of the household income determined otherwise in respect of the remainder of the relevant year.

Calculation of the student's partner's residual income
     5. —(1) Subject to sub-paragraphs (2), (3) and (4) of this paragraph and with the exception of sub-paragraphs (8), (9) and (10) of paragraph 4, a student's partner's income is to be determined in accordance with paragraph 4, reference to the parent being construed as references to the student's partner.

    (2) Where the Welsh Ministers determine that the student and his or her partner were separated for the duration of the relevant year, the partner's income is not taken into account in determining the household income.

    (3) Where the Welsh Ministers determine that the student and his or her partner separated in the course of the relevant year, the partner's income is determined by reference to his or her income under sub-paragraph (1) divided by fifty-two and multiplied by the number of complete weeks in the relevant year for which the Welsh Ministers determine that the student and his or her partner were not separated.

    (4) Where a student has more than one partner in any one academic year, the provisions of this paragraph apply in relation to each.

Calculation of parent's partner's residual income
     6. The income of a new student's parent's partner whose income is part of the household income by virtue of paragraph 2(2)(a) is to be determined in accordance with paragraph 5, references to the student's partner being construed as references to the new student's parent's partner, and references to the student being construed as references to the student's parent.

Calculation of contribution
     7. —(1) A student's contribution is to be calculated in accordance with this regulation.

    (2) In relation to a College of Europe student who is not an independent eligible student, a College of Europe student who is an independent eligible student who has a partner and a European University Institute student who has a partner, the contribution is—

(a) where the household income is £23,100 or more, £45 with the addition of £1 for every complete £9.50 by which the household income exceeds £23,100; and

(b) in any case where the household income is less than £23,100, nil.

    (3) In relation to a College of Europe student who is an independent eligible student who does not have a partner and a European University Institute student who does not have a partner, the contribution is—

(a) where the household income is £10,755 or more, £45 with the addition of £1 for every complete £9.50 by which the household income exceeds £10,755; and

(b) where the household income is less than £10,755, nil.

    (4) The amount of contribution is not to exceed £7,610 where the contribution is calculated under sub-paragraph (2) or (3).

    (5) Where sub-paragraph (6) applies, the aggregate of the contributions calculated under sub-paragraph (2) or (3), is not to exceed—

(i) £7,610; or

(ii) the contribution which would be payable if only one student held an award.

    (6) This sub-paragraph applies where the household income consists of the residual income of—

(a) two or more College of Europe students in respect of the same income under paragraph 4 or, where the relevant parent's partner's residual income is taken into account, under paragraphs 4 and 6; or

(b) an independent eligible student and his or her partner where both hold a statutory award.

Split contributions
     8. —(1) Where a contribution is payable under paragraph 7 above and one or more of the conditions in sub-paragraph (2) is satisfied, the amount of contribution payable in respect of the College of Europe student is to be the amount that the Welsh Ministers consider just taking into account—

(a) the application of paragraph 7 to new College of Europe students and existing students respectively; and

(b) the particular circumstances of the College of Europe student.

    (2) The conditions referred to in sub-paragraph (1) above are—

(a) more than one child of the College of Europe student's parents holds a statutory award;

(b) the College of Europe student's parent holds a statutory award;

(c) the College of Europe student's parent's partner holds a statutory award;

(d) the College of Europe student's partner holds a statutory award.

[2] S.I. 2006/1794 (W.189).back

[3] S.I. 2006/1794 (W.189).back

[4] 2002 c. 41.back

[5] Cmnd. 9171.back

[6] Cmnd. 3906 (out of print; photocopies are available, free of charge, from the Student Support Division, Department for Education and Skills, Mowden Hall, Staindrop Road, Darlington DL3 9BG.back

[7] 1962 c.12; sections 1 to 4 and Schedule 1 were substituted by the provision sets out in Schedule 5 to the Education Act 1980 (c.20). Section 1(3)(d) was amended by the Education (Grants and Awards) Act 1984 (c.11), section 4. Section 4 was amended by the Education Act 1994 (c.30), Schedule 2, paragraph 2. The entire Act was repealed by the Teaching and Higher Education Act 1998 (c.30), section 44(2) and Schedule 4, subject to the transitional provisions and savings set out in the Teaching and Higher Education Act 1998 (Commencement No. 4 and Transitional Provisions) Order 1998 (S.I. 1998/3237), article 3.back

[8] 1992 c. 4.back

[9] 2002 c. 38.back

[10] 1989 c. 41. Section 23 was amended by the Children Act 2004 (c. 31), section 49(3).back

[11] Cm. 2073.back

[12] Cm. 2183.back

[13] 1971 c.77; section 33(2A) was inserted by paragraph 7 of Schedule 4 to the British Nationality Act 1981 (c. 61).back

[14] Cm. 4904.back

[15] OJ No L257, 19.10.1968, p.2 (OJ/SE 1968 (ii) p.475).back

[16] 1988 c. 1.back

[17] 2004 c. 12.back

[18] "Financial Statistics" (ISSN 0015-203X).back

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